332 
enumetates 430 species. Lister’s volume comes to us dated 1894; 
it furnishes descriptions of 174 species “taken from specimens I 
have personally examined,” and a list is appended at the end of 
each genus of “species not met with in the quoted collections ;” 
this comprises about 100 species. 
The basis of work in all three of these monographs is the 
same, viz.: the types of the species of Rostafinski’s monograph in the 
collections at Kew, in the British Museum and at Strassburg. Of 
course the continued accession of specimens to these herbaria has 
augmented the material of each succeeding author, and important 
contributions appear to have been made to Mr. Lister's resources 
by several parties on this side the water. 
Rostafinski, by reason of his original method, which involved a 
complete reorganization of the classification, necessarily reduced 
numerous species of the old writers to the condition of synonyms. 
Massee in general accepted the species as established by Rosta- 
finski, while at the same time making numerous additions to this 
list from descriptions and material derived from American sources 
and elsewhere. Lister, however, while professing to follow in the 
main the arrangement of orders and genera given by Ros- 
tafinski, opens up afresh the question of species and proceeds to 
make a thorough and complete revision of the works of his prede- 
cessors. Upwards of ezghty of the species of Rostafinski’s mono- 
graph have disappeared in synonomy, united with other species, 
becoming reduced two, three and four or more into one. This 
involves at the same time the abolition of five of the Rostafinskian 
genera. 
The manner in which species and genera are disposed of is 
sometimes remarkable. For example, it is suggested that the 
single species of the genus Crateriachea is but a variety of P/ysa- 
rum cineream Batsch, and “a careful examination of the type 
specimen of Heterodictyon mirabile Rost. leads to the conclusion 
that it is a form of Dictydium umbilicatum Schrad.” On page 
89 eight Rostafinskian species are excluded from the genus C/on- 
drioderma, four of them being unceremoniously dumped into 
Inichamphora pezizoidea Jungh; the single species of this genus 
is composed of five species of Rostafinski and one of Massee. 
Of the numerous American species of Berkeley and Curtis, all 
