353 
erally are large, spreading from three or four to eleven inches, the 
leaflets reaching a size of six inches by three; leaflets variable in 
shape and marginal pattern; cuneate-obovate, to oblanceolate, or 
sometimes elliptic, obtuse or acute, irregularly doubly serrate, ser- 
rate or dentate-serrate, with mucronately-pointed teeth, usually 
more or less incised-lobed towards the apex. Branches of umbel 
rather rigid, usually sharply ascending, normally three—two to 
four—and sub-equal, two to eight inches long; ultimate rays three, 
an inch long—3’”-18/’—(abnormally longer and bearing a pair of 
minute bracts) sometimes divaricate; rarely the umbel may be 
unevenly three times compound; secondary involucres of firm foli- 
aceous bracts, either cut-lobed or merely serrate, often minute, 
rarely reaching a length of one inch. Sterile flowers numerous, 
with the perfect flowers, or in separate peduncled capitate clus- 
ters; pedicels 2” long; calyx 1”, cleft nearly to the base into 
narrowly lanceolate attenuate-cuspidate lobes; petals oblanceo- 
late, equalling or slightiy exceeding the sepals, greenish-white, as 
are the anthers; filaments exserted, 2” long; umbellets at anthesis 
5-7” wide. Fruits large, 3-6 in each umbellet, somewhat ovoid, 
sessile, spreading, the body 2” long and nearly as broad or, 
through the bristles, 3-5” wide, 3-314" high; bristles numer- 
ous, crowded, arranged in no regular order, very straight to the 
minutely hooked apex, prominently corky-bulbous below, rudi- 
mentary at base of carpel, above becoming 2” long, ascending, 
the uppermost erect, parallel with and about equalling the erect 
calyx-lobes; styles long, at first erect-spreading but early recurv- 
ing from the top of the closed calyx sometimes quite outside of 
the bristles. Transverse section of seed somewhat oblong, seed- 
face plane or slightly concave, dorsal surface more or less fluted 
or grooved for the partial accommodation of the five large oil- 
tubes ; frequently a slight separation of the wall of the pericarp 
from the middle of the seed-face leaves a cavity having the ap- 
pearance of an additional oil-tube ; pericarp corky-thickened, pale 
brown; commissural scar broad, elliptic. Root perennial, of 
very coarse fibres fasciculate from a short knotted contractedly- 
branched rootstock, which, when cut, has a distinct terebinthine 
odor. 
Newfoundland and Canada, southward to the mountains of 
Georgia, west to the Rocky Mountains. (Plate 241.) 
A specimen of a Sanicula which, for the present, must be re- 
garded as an aberrant form of this species was gathered on Look- 
out Mountain, Tennessee, June 21, 1894. The plant is small and 
has two very unequal branches, one capped by a single umbellet, 
the other bearing an umbel of four divaricate rays; the leaves are 
trifoliate, with obovate nearly simply-serrate leaflets, the lateral 
