400 
Many instances of the multiplication of parts in the different 
whorls of a flowerhave been recorded. This takes place in 
different ways, and one or more whorls may be affected. In 
the present case there seems to be a union of two flowers, mak- 
ing. a duplication of each whorl, or polyphylly of the calyx, 
the andrcecium and the gyncecium, The undulation-like teeth of 
the margin of the calyx are increased from four to eight, the 
stamens from eight to sixteen and the pistil from one to two. 
The change dccurs in all the flowers on the specimen and 
modifies the shape of the calyx from “tubular-funnelform” to 
campanulate. 
Joun K. SMALL. 
Reviews. 
Systematische Phylogenie der Protisten und Pflanzen. Exnst 
Haeckel. Ist Portion. Berlin. 1894. 
As the author states in his preface, he has been engaged for 
the past thirty years upon questions pertaining to the subject- 
matter of this volume. All are acquainted with the “ History of 
Creation” and have enjoyed its generalizations, and the present vol- 
ume offers a rare treat to those who would advance a step and en- 
ter into generalizations based upon more specific and detailed 
data. 
He opens with a chapter upon Phylogenie, defining it, and 
giving Paleontology, Ontogony and Morphology as the sources 
for the working-out of the problems. He rapidly and skillfully 
sums up the positive and negative in the geological record; dis- 
cusses the value of Ontogeny and outlines the principles of 
Morphology. <A brief review of the methods is followed by # 
summary of the geological systems and the first chapter, including 
thirty-two pages, closes with a critical review of the monophyletic 
and polyphyletic theories of Phylogeny. 
The second chapter, fifty pages, deals with the phylogeny of 
the Protista, where the beginnings of life are taken up. 
Haeckel’s familiar Monera, “Structureless organisms without OF 
gans,” again does service as a starting point from which the pil 
tista arise, in which class he groups all those organisms “ which 
