401 
do not build tissues;” calling those of a solitary turn of mind 
“ Monobionten” and the more social “Coenobionten.” F ollowing 
the definition of the Protista, a paragraph or two is devoted to the 
differences in the plant and animal kingdoms. Here much stress is 
laid upon the synthetic character of the one and the analytic char- 
acter of the other class of organisms. The plants are rechristened 
“Plasmodomen”’ and the animals “ Plasmophagen” or plasma 
builders and plasma destroyers. 
The Protista are then divided into three main groups, the 
atypical Protista; the plant type protista or Protophyta and the 
animal type protista or the Protozoa. In the first of these are in- 
cluded those organisms that show no particular affinity to either — 
Stroup, on account of an indifferent growth or because they may 
be at times either animal or vegetable in their functions, and are 
to be divided purely upon artificial grounds according to what 
seems to the author to be the predominant physiological activity. 
We note that the botanists gain the Peridineae and the zoologists 
the Bacteria, which latter are said to be lacking a nucleus which, 
_ if we are not sadly mistaken, is somewhat “ behind the times.” 
The typical Protophyta include those organisms in which 
I. The cell-wall is surrounded by a special membrane which 
is entirely closed or has only a few openings; this membrane con- 
Sisting of cellulose. 
2. The cell-body is either entirely motionless throughout its 
life history, or, at rare intervals and in small degrees, moves about 
by means of flagellae, as in the swarm spores. 
3. The cell is always colored, generally green or gold, and 
Contains chromoplasts which generally contain chlorophyll, also 
at times diatomin, haemochromatin, etc. 
4. The metabolism is entirely vegetable ; the cell is “ plasmo- 
domen” and assimilates CO,; it takes up no formed organic matter 
and possesses no mouth opening. 
In this group are included (1) Algarien, (2) Algetten. 
The pages following are too solid for abstracting, but are of 
interest with much philosophic thought; the phylogeny of the soul 
of the Protista forming an interesting extravaganza on pages 75, 
76. The third chapter deals with the systematic phylogeny of the 
Protophyta; in this the starting point is with those atypical Pro- 
