456 
are clear and smooth, with the short transverse walls often brown 
but not projecting. The seta varies somewhat in length, but is 
smooth and yellow, often red at the junction with the capsule; 
there is a distinct neck measuring .2 mm., that is the sporesac 
does not reach the base of the capsule, the stomata are scattered 
above its base, and the cells of the walls are long and thickened, but 
not radiating around the stomata; those of the mouth are shorter 
and hexagonal in 3-6 rows, and project above the base of the 
orange-red teeth, the last rows falling in fragments with the lid. 
The beak of the lid is shorter than the capsule, 1-1.5 mm. and 
the calyptra is fringed at base and generally entirely smooth, 
though occasionally scabrous at apex. The peristome is erect 
when dry, and strongly incurved when moist; the teeth are com- 
posed of 5—7 joints, and are paler and smoother at apex. Lim- 
pricht describes a “ preperistome of 32 isolated, smaller, brownish- 
red plates half the length of the teeth, falling off, or occasionally 
lacking.” We have had great difficulty in distinguishing these 
plates, both in our specimens and the Europeon ones, but find the 
teeth are irregularly papillose, that is some joints will be and 
others not, especially the upper ones, which are generally lighter 
colored, and presume that is only under very favorable circum- 
stances, on fresh young teeth, that the preperistome can be seen. 
The Bryologia Europaea indicates this in figures 14 and 15, as 
well as a certain amount of irregularity in the teeth which we have 
also observed. The spores are quite alike in American and 
European specimens, in size and the peculiar lines due to shrink- 
ing which give them the aspect of a rose-cut diamond with a flat 
central facet and six radiating around it. 
If there are two species mixed under Encalypta ciliata, as 
Kindberg seem to think, we have not yet been able to detect it in 
American specimens, as compared with authenticated European 
ones. It has been distributed as Drummond's No. 50 PP- 
“ Rocks and banks along the Mountains,” mixed with £. rhabde- 
carpa in Sull. & Lesq. Musci Bor. Am. Ed. 2, No. 165, in Austin’s 
Musci App. No. 174 (1870) and Macoun’s Canadian Mosses No. 
132. It ranges in the Eastern States from the mountains of New 
York and New England to Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and north to Greenland. In the 
