182 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 
material from various parts of America were indicated as Phil- 
ippine by Haenke, Cavanilles, and Lagasca; and it is probable 
that the list will be somewhat extended by a critical study of 
Presl’s types. A few specimens manifestly originating in Aus- 
tralia, collections of Nee, have been cited as Philippine, such as 
Chloris dolichostachya Lag. and perhaps some of Cavanilles’s 
species of Aristida. 
Two later collections are noteworthy as being a source of 
error in Philippine records, that of Hugh Cuming, 1836-40, 
and the one made by Thomas Lobb. The source of error in 
Cuming’s collection was that the entire collection was distrib- 
uted with printed labels bearing the data “Ins. Philippinae 
1841,” although between 400 and 500 numbers did not originate 
in the Philippines at all. Some of the ferns between Nos. 1 
and 434 were not from the Philippines; Nos. 2052, 2053 to 
2058, and 2252 to 2443, inclusive, were from Malacca, Singapore, 
and Sumatra; while Nos. 2444 to 2464, inclusive, were from 
St. Helena. In distributing his material into sets, Cuming 
apparently planned to arrange his collections in natural groups 
before numbering his specimens. Thus the vascular and cel- 
lular cryptogams, the Orchidaceae, Loranthaceae, and Ficus 
were segregated and for the most part numbered in sequence. 
This plan was not followed out, however, and most of the 
collection was numbered by localities. To illustrate his method 
of arranging his duplicates for distribution, it is only neces- 
sary to cite a few cases. Cuming’s numbers 435 to 667 were 
from Calawan, Province of Laguna, Luzon. In distributing ; 
this material he completed the label on each set of duplicates 
only for the first one for the locality; thus 435 would be indi- 
cated as from Calawan, or from the Province of Laguna, Luzon. 
No other labels were completed until all the plants from that 
locality were distributed. The first label for a new locality, 
i. e. 678 from the Province of Tayabas, Luzon, was filled out, 
but no others until another change of locality, which was 695, 
the Island of Corregidor. It was expected that the subscribers 
to the sets would complete the labels as to the localities before 
distributing the plants into herbaria; but this seems rarely to 
have been done. It is then not surprising that specimens from 
this old Cuming collection still continue to be cited as Philip- 
pine although they may not have originated in the Archipelago. 
So far as the labels show, in many herbaria, practically the 
entire Cuming collection is Philippine, and the average working 
botanist cannot be expected to know all the minute details 
