192 
PHYSCOMITRIUM PYRIFORME (L.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 815 (1827). 
Bryum pyriforme L. Sp. Pl. 1580 (1753). 
Gymnostomum Physcomitrium pyriforme Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 
98 (1826); also of all subsequent European authors, not American. 
We have in the Jaeger and Torrey herbarium specimens of 
this species from all parts of Europe. The first and most striking 
difference observed between European and American specimens _ 
is the uniform length of the pedicels in the former and the regu- 
lar, more pyriform capsules, which are larger than the American 
specimens and dry more uniformly in shape and color; the lid also 
“is flat, the beak longer and more sharply apiculate when dry ; the 
neck is shorter and less contracted below the spore-sac when dry, 
and the capsules are none of them as conspicuously constricted 
below the mouth as in our specimens. Even from macroscopic 
differences the species seem to be distinct, but when we examine 
the mouth of the capsules we find that the annulus is more highly 
differentiated in European specimens, being double, and falling in 
fragments with the lid, while in American specimens it is single 
and persistent, composed of a narrow row of orange-colored cells 
with the second row of hyaline vesicular cells bent in after the 
falling of the lid. The walls of the capsules, too, are different; aes 
European specimens the cells are lax and indistinct, in America? 
they are regular and very clearly outlined by their thick cell walls. 
Those around the mouth are seldom more than 12 rows, usually 
8-12, whereas Limpricht Says of the European, 8-16. 
PHYSCOMITRIUM TURBINATUM (Michx.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 815 
(1827). a. 
Gymnostomum turbinatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 286 (1803). 
Gymnostomum dilatatum Beauv. Prod. 59 (1805). 
Gymnostomum splachnoideum Beauv. Prod. 59 (1805): 
Gym. Physcomitrium tortipes Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 100 (1826)- u 
Physcomitrium turbinatum Mueller; L. & J. Man., 198 (1884). 
Physcomitrium pyriforme, not Brid. of American authors. — Rik 
On consulting the original descriptions of the above references 
it will be seen that in all cases but the last they were ! ve 
American specimens by European authors and _ indicate a. dif 
ference in comparison with the European P. pyriforme. 
