493 
ellipsoid, 0.010-17 mm. long, 0.005~7 mm. thick; paraphyses 
slender, or somewhat slender, thicker at the apices; hymenial 
gelatine tawny, wine-reddish with iodine.” This certainly is a 
mixture and ‘thus it continues through the entire book. 
The figures are fairly good from an artistic point of view, but 
unfortunately various lichen structures are incorrectly named. 
The algze are, of course, never rightly named. In Nephromium | 
levigatum he has evidently designated as “‘sterigmata” and — 
“spermatia” the hyphal cells surrounding the algal groups.. 
There is one redeeming feature in the author’s work, and that 
is the faithful application of chemical tests to, I believe, every 
Species of lichen examined; and by this feature alone the work 
May perhaps live. The tests are simple and easy of application. 
They are essential to a more reliable method of determining 
Species, . 
ALBERT SCHNEIDER. 
CoLumMBIA COLLEGE. 
Flora of the outlying Carboniferous Basins of Southwestern 
Missouri. David White (Bull. 98, U. S.. Geol. Surv. Pamph. 
PP. 139, p/. 1-5. Washington, 1893). . : 
This flora is of special interest biologically in view of the fact 
that it must-have grown at an altitude several hundred feet above 
the old marshes which now constitute the coal fields of northern ' 
_ Missouri and eastern Kansas. It represents essentially an upland 
flora as compared with that. of the semi-inundated areas men- 
tioned. It is particularly characterized by the presence of Neu- 
Fopterid ferns and the leaves of Cordaites. 
Neuropteris Jenneyi, N. caudata, Sphenopteris Lacoet and Pecop- 
teris (Asterotheca) Lesquereuxii are described and figured as new 
Species, 
Each species described is accompanied by a complete synon- 
°my and bibliography, arranged in chronological sequence, fol- 
lowed by critical notes on relationship, etc. From a study of 
the distribution of the species determined the author concludes 
that the plant-bearing beds belong to the Lower Coal-measures, 
and from their occurrence, in small basins in eroded limestone, 
the approximate age of the lead and zinc ores occurring in the sy 
limestone is estimated. Inasmuch as the paleobotanist is often = 
