39 
beautiful colored visions in an ever-changing and brilliant picture; 
it was attended with wonder and admiration, but no merriment, 
delirium or intoxication. The Kiowa Indians were formerly much 
addicted to the use of this plant in their religious ceremonies 
when dwelling on the Rio Grande and, although now living in the 
Indian territory, have not yet given it up. Each Indian chews 
and swallows 10 or 12 buttons at intervals between sundown and 
morning and then sits quietly fora day or two enjoying the pleas- 
urable effects of the drug. ne 
It is impossible to reconcile the results of Lewin with those of 
Prentiss and Morgan, and I am inclined to believe that they 
- worked with different plants. Further experiments are much 
needed with all species of Anhalonium and Lophophora. 
According to H. H. Bancroft, Mexican Indians used various 
herbs and roots to make their drinks more intoxicating, the most 
powerful of which ‘was a kind of mushroom which excited the 
Passions and caused the partaker to see snakes and divers other 
visions.” 
In Lower California the Indians, says the same author, “ found 
drunkenness in the fumes of a certain herb smoked through a 
Stone tube and used chiefly during festivals.” This herb was 
doubtless a species of Datura. According to Dr. Palmer, the 
California, Colorado River and Payute Indians prepare a beverage © 
from the leaves and seeds of Datura metelowdes which excites, in- 
toxicates, and then stupefies them. It was also added to alcoholic 
drinks to render them more effective. The same species is the a 
Toloachi of southern Texas and northern Mexico, a name also ap- a 
Plied to the Mexican D. guercifolia H.B.K., and perhaps other — 2 
species. The Zoloachi has marked deliriant properties and is — 
Credited, in the popular mind, with having caused ste — bie 3 
the unfortunate empress Carlotta. : 
Another well-known plant which may be mentioned here is 
Sophora secundiftora Lag., the Frijolillo of Texas. The’ red bean-— 
like seed contains an alkaloid, sophorine, a strong jrritant-narcotic - 
poison. According to Bellanger, the Indians near San Antonio 
formerly used it as an intoxicant, half a bean producing . delirious 
_ exhilaration followed by a slee; which lasts 2 2 or 3 days,"'and it 
_ asserted that a whole bean wicilt 
