203 
duced by seeds from opposite sides of the same carpel. In my 
first paper I referred to ris and to Richardia as having antidromic 
plants from the same rootstock; and now I find this to be the 
general system. Thus the skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus), 
of the same order as Richardia, has the spathes of a single plant 
always of the same kind; but nearly always the same clump has 
plants differing in the order of phyllotaxy and in the form of the 
spathes. In He/onias (of Liliaceae) the thick rootstock bifurcates 
So as to have two arms like the letter Y; and if you hold it with 
the branches of the Y towards you, the plant or plants borne on 
the branch next your right hand are evolved counter-clockwise 
(2. €., with dextrorse phyllotaxy), whilst the plant or plants borne 
on the branch next your left hand are evolved clock-wise or sin- 
istrorsely. This is as was noted in /ris, which belongs to a dif- 
ferent order of plants. The two or three flowers along one arm 
being of the same caste remind us of the seeds borne on 
one valve of a bean-pod being alike to each other and being the 
antidromes of those on the opposite valve. In Podophyllum the 
€Xamination is more troublesome, but so far as I can determine 
the result is the same. If we hold the plant with the smaller of 
the peltate leaves next us, then the uppermost of the sub-leaves 
(niederblatter) at the base of the stalk is next us, its tip towards 
our right and the other sub-leaves following in definite order in 
one plant, and all these relations reversed in another plant. In 
one plant thus held, the flower starting from the fork of its stalk 
turns to my right hand and in another to my left hand; the flower 
to my right has its most prominent sepal and its placenta distad- 
dextrad, and in the other plant these parts are distad-sinistrad. 
This diversity can be observed in very young plants starting from 
the ground. (In one specimen I found two flowers turning right 
and left respectively.) Now the underground stem sometimes 
bifurcates, one of its branches bearing one or more plants which 
are the antidromes of those borne by the other branch. In the | 
same clump of Carex we find different individuals with antidromic 
phyllotaxy and antidromic order of evolution of flower-spikes. 
Perhaps these observations may cast some light upon the curious — 
case of Liguidambar where the same tree may have antidromic eS 
branches; whilst some definite law seems to hold in them ne 
