242 
well represents this form; as does also a specimen secured by 
Dr. Baldwin inthe same State. This last is the type of the variety 
of Uvaria pygmaea mentioned by Torrey and Gray in their Flora 
of North America.* 
The Development of the Antheridium of Targionia hypophylla.t 
By EFFIE B. MCFADDEN, ~ 
(PLATE 268), 
One of the most characteristic of our Californian liverworts is 
Targionia hypophylla, a species common in southwestern Europe, 
but which has not been described from the eastern United States.{ 
The specimens studied were collected mostly in October and 
November on the slopes of sandy banks in the vicinity of Stan- 
ford University. 
Targionia is our sole representative of the family Targionieae, 
which includes the genus Cyathodium. Targionia is perennial, 
becoming completely dried up at the end of the rainy season, and 
remaining so until the rains set in again, when it begins at once 
to grow actively. The structure of the thallus is similar to that of 
the typical Marchantiaceae, except that the branching is not 
usually dichotomous, but instead is largely due to lateral adven- 
titious branches growing from the ventral surface. The anther- 
idial shoots are of this character and may be easily recognized by 
their flattened oval form, small size and wavy outline. 
The antheridia arise in acropetal succession from single supet- 
ficial cells of the dorsal segment of the apical cell, so that in a ver- 
tical longitudinal section of a young plant, nearly all stages of de- 
velopment may beseen. The first division of the primary cell is a 
transverse one, separating the antheridium proper from the stalk- 
cell. (Fig. 2.) This is followed by at least two similar walls, but 
the number varies considerably, four being the greatest number 
*x: 45. 1838. 
+ This study was suggested by Dr. Douglas Houghton Campbell, of Leland Stan- 
ford Junior University, and was prepared under his direction. 
} Underwood’s Hepaticae in Gray’s Manual, sixth edition, 1889. 
