422 
Of these plants I examined the living Blumenbachia /ueronyma 
Urb., and found that whilst all its fruits were dextrorsely twisted, 
as he had stated, its foliage shows true antidromy. Though the 
leaves are opposite, only one of a pair bears an axillary pedicel, 
and in some plants the leaves having a pedicel form a dextrorse, in 
others a sinistrorse spiral. Thus the plant is found to have anti- 
dromy in its foliage, and monodromy of its carpels. (In other 
cases, ¢. ¢., /mpatiens, and Prosopis carpels as well as foliage are an- 
tidromic and very frequently the anthotaxy, or order of growth 
of the components of an inflorescence, is antidromic.) 
There are very many torsions in plants which have no relation 
to antidromy, and which are usually constant in all individuals of 
‘a species; as is Convolvulus, Hop, etc. Canna proves to be of this 
kind; its numerous species and many thousands of specimens 
growing in the Jardin des Plantes, all have the young leaves dl- 
vectly enfolded (that is clock-wise) ; Musa is similar, but the case is 
different with A/ve, as all its young leaves are folded in the same 
direction in one plant, but antidromically as between different 
plants. 
The trunks of the Horse Chestnut, and of Catalpa, are always 
twisted dextrorsely ; this is best seen in old trees, and is very ob- 
vious in the miles of old trees of Horse Chestnut, which extend 
from St. Cloud towards Versailles. Each trunk is fluted and 
strengthened by rounded pilasters representing the continuation 
downwards of the large branches, and always dextrorsely twisting. 
As the leaves are opposite, we cannot readily determine the order 
of phyllotaxy. But the seeds even when viewed from the out. 
side are easily seen to be of two kinds, the radical of one turning 
towards your right, of the other towards your left. Even the 
small winged seeds of Catalpa have a mark which betrays the di- 
versity ; and also the opposite leaves of Jacaranda obtusifolia H. 
B.K., of the same Bignoniaceous order with Catalpa, has its oppo 
site leaves arranged in spiral orthostiches, which leave no doubt 
as to the antidromy. 
The leaf-scars and cone-spirals of Gymnosperms conclusively 
prove their title to a place in the realm of antidromy, not only 
the pines and araucarias, but the various genera of Cycads, a5 
Cycas, Zamia, Ceratozamia, Encepholartos, are uniformly anti- 
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