525 
the latter the flowers are at first nodding; in Canadense they are 
erect or sometimes a little declined. 
The fruit-heads of favum are rather larger and more densely- 
fruited than in Canadense and usually paler green, and the mature 
achenes are slightly larger with longer slenderer beak. The re- 
ceptacle is also longer and more cylindric, with coarser and stiffer 
tawny hair; in Canadense it is ovoid and clothed with longer and 
weaker white hair. 
Geum flavum needs no close comparison with the very distinct 
G. Virginianum, although according to our text-books its flowers 
would refer it to the latter rather than to Canadense, and this very 
mistake appears to have been made in some of our local lists. It 
may be noted, therefore, that the flowers of Virgintanum are con- 
siderably larger, especially the central carpellary portion ; the 
creamy-white petals are larger, 2-3 long, 114’’—2”” wide and ob- 
Ovate-oblong, with revolute margins, thus often appearing linear. 
The pubescence of the stem in Virginianum is bristly-hairy 
throughout. In both favum and Canadense the pubescence above 
is very fine and close, in the former often with longer scattered 
hairs. 
Geum flavum comes into flower at New York from the end of 
June to the middle of July, one to three weeks later than G. Cana- 
dense, which begins to bloom, according to the season, from the 
Second to the fourth week of June. G. Virginianum flowers still 
earlier, usually in the first week of June. 
The latter is distinctively a plant of boggy ground. G. 
Canadense is the most generally scattered of the three species, oc- 
_Curring in damp or dry soil in woods and thickets and along road. 
Sides. G. flavum is more solitary in its habits, and grows chiefly 
in rich, loose soil, in copses or upland woods, often among rocks. 
The range of G. flavum appears to be much more restricted 
than that. of Canadense. Prof. Porter has found it common at 
Easton, Pa., the type locality, and it is also common at New York. 
Elsewhere it seems to have been detected only in Lancaster count y. 
Pa., and at Marion, Va., at an altitude of 2100 feet, by Dr. Small. 
It is interesting to note that this species was known to Muhlen- 
berg, who took it up in his ‘ Catalogue’ as G. Piegrenennt L. oe 
Naming the latter plant G. /érsu/um, and distinguishing the hoes : 
Species by their different times of flowering. 
