APOCYNACEX (Stapf). 491 
placentas, if apocarpous with ventral placentas. Style 1, entire or 
divided at the base; stigma various, with or without a usually bifid 
apiculus and frequently with a ring or other appendages, viscous on 
the surface or exuding much glutinous matter and agglutinated to 
the anthers or adnate to the projections of the foot of the connective. 
Ovules anatropous, usually pendulous, few or many in each carpel. 
Fruit entire, baccate, drupaceous, samaroid, or consisting of 2 (rarely 
3-5) baccate or follicular mericarps, rarely breaking up into 2 or 4 
valves. Seeds various, frequently compressed, very often with a 
tuft of hairs (coma) at one or both ends, or winged, rarely with 
a plumose apical or basal awn ; testa coriaceous, crustaceous or mem- 
branous. Hndosperm, if present, cartilaginous or fleshy. Embryo 
straight ; cotyledons usually flat, rarely convolute or contortuplicate ; 
radicle superior. 
Trees, erect or scandent shrubs or perennial (very rarely annual) herbs, more 
or less laticiferous ; leaves simple, generally opposite, sometimes whorled, rarely 
spirally arranged, entire, pinnati-nerved; stipules (if present) short, intra- 
petiolar and often joining around the stem in a transverse ridge, very rarely one 
on each side of the petiole, or represented by spines ; inflorescences made up of 
(often much reduced) cymes, terminal or pseudolateral or truly axillary ; cymes 
solitary or clustered or gathered in loose or congested, often 2-3-tomous, 
panicles, corymbs or pseudo-umbels; bracts usually small and deciduous; flowers 
small to large and then often very showy. 
Distris. Genera about 180, comprising over 1000 species, chiefly in the 
tropics of both hemispheres. 
Tribe 1. PLuMERiIo1ipEx.—Corolla salver-shaped, rarely funnel-shaped ; 
lobes overlapping to the left, rarely to the right. Anthers linear, oblong or 
elliptic, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed (rarely subsagittate) at the base; anther- 
cells polliniferous and dehiscing to the base or nearly so, not diverging below. 
Ovary syncarpous, 2-celled, or apocarpous with 2 (rarely 3-5) free or partly 
connate carpels ; stigma various, usually distinctly apiculate, rarely hairy or 
with frill-like appendages, often exuding more or less glutinous matter and then 
sometimes sticking to the anthers in the dry state, otherwise free. Fruit 
baceate, drupaceous or dry and follicular. Seeds not comose, exarillate ; 
endosperm (if any) smooth, rarely grooved and ruminate; cotyledons flat. 
* Ovary syncarpous. 
f Ovary 1-celled; stigma glabrous, 
I. Landolphia.—Style short, not or shortly exserted from the eglandular 
calyx, filiform or subcolumnar, glabrous. Inflorescences terminal or pseudo- 
axillary, ' 
tt Ovary 2-celled ; stigma tips hairy. 
II. Carissa.—Armed shrubs with simple or forked spines, rarely almost spineless. 
III, Acokanthera.—Unarmed shrubs. 
** Ovary apocarpous, rarely imperfectly syncarpous (species of Rauwolfia). 
IV. Rauwolfia.—Mericarps drupaceous ; carpels 2-ovuled. 
Gonioma,—Mericarps follicular. Seeds numerous, flat, winged. Shrubs. 
VI. Lochnera.— Mericarps follicular. Seeds numerous, terete, wingless. Herbs. 
Tribe 2, TaBeRNaMONTANOIDEN.—Corolla salver-shaped, rarely funnel- 
shaped or campanulate with a cylindric basal tube; lobes overlapping to the 
left, very rarely to the right. Anthers linear, oblong or sagittate; anther-cells 
hot or very slightly diverging below, and polliniferous and dehiscing to the base 
or nearly so, or diverging below and passing into barren tails leaving the 
glabrous foot of the connective free. Ovary apocarpous, rarely syncarpous; 
