Carissa. | APOCYNACEE (Stapf). 497 
Corolla-limb 2-3 in. across ; segments 2-3 times longer 
than the tube; fruit ovoid, pointed, up to 2 in. 
long, many-seeded ie ae Fee ss ... (2) grandiflora, 
Corolla-limb much smaller than in the preceding 
species; segments slightly longer or shorter than 
the tube ; fruit oblong, obtuse, not much over 4 in, 
long, 1-2-seeded : 
Corolla-limb 1-1} in. across; segments as long as 
or slightly longer than the tube; spines small, 
few ... oe ve Es ae x 3 ... (3) Wyliei. 
Corolla-limb 4 in. across ; segments much shorter, : 
than the tube; spines numerous, 3-14 in. long... (4) Arduina. 
1. C. edulis (Vahl), var. tomentosa (Stapf in Dyer, Fl. Trop. 
Afr. iv. i. 90) ; a very much branched straggling or climbing shrub ; 
branches and leaves tomentose, at least in the young state ; spines 
simple, straight or recurved, 1-2 in. long, rarely almost suppressed ; 
leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic or sublanceolate, rarely orbicular, 
9-24 lin. long, 9-18 lin, broad, sometimes much smaller, rounded at 
the base or subcuneate, acute and often mucronate, rarely obtuse, 
coriaceous ; nerves 3-5, faint on both sides; petiole 1-12 lin. long; 
calyx 11-2 lin. long; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolate, glabrous 
or puberulous ; corolla white or purple turning white, glabrous or 
minutely hairy at the mouth and on the inner surface of the lobes, 
6-9 (rarely 4—6) lin. long; lobes ovate or oblong, acute, 11-4 lin. 
long; berry globose, purple to black, 1—2 in. in diam., edible ; seeds 
2-4. ©. tomentosa, A. Rich. Tent. Hl. Abyss. ii. 30; Engl. Hoch- 
gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 340. ©. pilosa, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. 
Brandenb. xxx. 258. Jasminonerium tomentosum, O. Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl, ii. 415. 
KatawAri ReGion: Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 6455! 6456! near 
Shiluvane, 2000 ft., Junod, 620! 
The area of this variety extends westwards to Damaraland and northwards to 
Eritrea. The typical form is common throughout Tropical Africa, and also 
occurs in Southern Arabia. 
2. C. grandiflora (A.DC. Prodr. viii. 335); a glabrous shrub, up 
to 15 ft. high, of compact habit, with strong simply or twice 
‘ bifureate spines; spines up to 11 in. long; leaves broad-ovate, 
rarely ovate-lanceolate, rounded (rarely acute) at the base, mucronate, 
1-3 in. long, 32 in. wide, coriaceous, dark green above, paler below ; 
secondary nerves about 6 on each side, like the veins very obscure, 
particularly below; petiole 1-12 lin. long; cymes terminal, few- 
flowered or reduced to a single flower, sometimes in the fork of a 
spine ; pedicels 1-13 lin. long; calyx 13-3 lin. long; sepals ovate 
to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, margins revolute ; corolla 
white, fragrant, very variable in size; tube 4-6 lin. long, hairy 
within ; lobes oblong to elliptic, narrowed towards the base, 2-12 in. 
long, overlapping to the left; stamens inserted slightly above the 
middle of the corolla-tube ; ovules numerous ; berry ovoid, pointed, 
Scarlet, up to 2 in. long, about 16-seeded ; seeds plano-convex, rather 
flat, elliptic in outline, 23 lin. long. ZL. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 140; 
Wood, Natal Pl. i, 14, t. 14; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 269, t. elv. 
VOL. IV.—SECT. I.—PAaRT IV. Kk 
