498 ApocyNACE® (Stapf). : [ Carissa. 
fig. 1. C. macrocarpa, A.DC. Prodr. viii. 336. Arduina maero- 
carpa, Eckl. in South Afr. Quart. Jowrn. i. (1830), 372. A. 
grandiflora, E. Meyer in Drege Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Doc. 154; 
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 126. Jasmino- 
nerium grandiflorum, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ui. 415. 
Eastern Reaion: Natal; woods near Durban, Krauss, 88! Peddie! 
Nelson, 44! Grant! Wilms, 2133! between Umtentu River and Umzimkulu 
River, Drége! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 755! Cooper, 1235! 
The fruit is known as Natal Plum or Amatungulu, and used for making jam. 
The plant is a valuable hedge shrub. Medley Wood states that there are long and 
short-styled flowers, the long-styled ones being functionally female, the others male. 
3. C. Wyliei (N. HE. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1906, 165); a glabrous 
shrub with slender green almost unarmed branches ; spines very 
scanty and small; leaves ovate, rounded or shortly acute at the base, 
very acute or mucronate at the tip, 2-41 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, 
thinly coriaceous, dull or almost glaucous-green above, paler below ; 
secondary nerves about 7-9 on each side, like the veins slightly 
prominent ; petiole 1-11 lin. long; cymes terminal, 3-6-flowered, 
subsessile ; pedicels very slender, 2-3 lin. long ; calyx 1} lin. long; 
sepals lanceolate, long-acuminate ; corolla white or pinkish (?) ; tube 
6 lin. long, slender, hairy within ; lobes lanceolate-oblong, acute, 
6-7 lin. long, 2 lin. wide; fruits oblong, subacute, up to 7 lin. long 
and 3 lin. in diam., red, 2-seeded ; seeds plano-convex, very flat, up 
to 5 lin. long. 
Eastern Reeton: Zululand; Ngoya, 1000-2000 ft., Wylie in Herb. Wood, 
7898! 8631! 
4. C. Arduina (Lam. Encycl. i. 555); a glabrous, rarely pubes- 
cent shrub up to 10 ft. high, with numerous green simply or 
repeatedly bifureate spines 1-11 in. long; leaves very variable, 
generally ovate, acute, mucronulate, obtuse or sometimes cordate, 
and as long as broad, sometimes oblong or nearly lanceolate, 3-3 in. 
long, 3-2 in. broad, dark shining green above, paler below ; secondary 
nerves about 6-8 on each side, like the veins faintly prominent or 
quite obscure, mainly below; petiole 1-3 lin. long; cymes sub- 
sessile or shortly peduncled, few- to many-flowered, glabrous or sub- — 
glabrous; pedicels slender, 1-22 lin. long; calyx 3—1 lin. long ; 
sepals lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolate, glabrous or very finely puberu- 
lous, pale pink ; corolla white, fragrant; tube 3-4 lin. long, densely 
hairy at the throat; lobes overlapping to the left, ovate to lanceolate. 
2-21 lin. long; stamens inserted between the middle and the mouth ; 
ovule 1 in each cell; berry scarlet, oblong, acute, 4-73 lin. long, 1-2- 
seeded, edible. DC. Prodr. viii. 334; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 
141, 258; Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 49, 50; Schinz in 
Mém. Herb. Boiss. x. 56; Stapf in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. iv. i. 91; 
Sim, For, Fl. Cape Col. 269. ©. bispinosa, Desf. Tabl. Bcol. Bot. 
78. ©. ferox, DC. l.c. 335; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 269. 
acuminata, DC. l.e. 335; Wood, Natal Pl. t. 203. C. myrtordes, 
Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3,398; DC. 1.c. 335. C. erythrocarpa, 
DC. Le, C. hematoearpa, DV. lc. 336, C. oblongifolia, Hochst. 
