74 
24. L. Turnert E. & E. Ground pastures and open woods. 
Orono, Greenfield, Sept. and Oct. (Harvey.) 
25. L. subincarnatum Peck. Growing in clusters on decaying 
wood, Greenville. Orono and Norcross. (Harvey.) August. 
26. L. Curtisa Beck. In pastures. Orono. (Harvey.) 
27. L. separans Peck. Ground in pastures, Orono, Me. Very 
abundant in October. (Harvey.) 
28. L. pedicillatum Peck. Ground and on rotton wood. Orono, 
Me. (Harvey.) 
29. Scleroderma vulgare Hornem. Western Me. (Blake.) 
Orono, under fir trees and at Pea Cove on decaying logs. (Har- 
vey), Belfast (Uptom) E. Auburn (E. D. Merrill). 
Further Considerations of the Biological Status of Lichens. 
By ALBERT SCHNEIDER. 
In a previous number of the ButteTin I have given a brief 
statement of the biological status of lichens. The paper was ¢s- 
sentially a restatement of Reinke’s views on the subject. The 
present object is to continue the discussion and to present different 
phases and other details. Limited space will not permit entering 
into lengthy discussions, nor is this called for, since the details 
here touched upon have already been fully discussed elsewhere. 
The intended function of this paper is primarily educational, 
pointing out the best method by which the conscientious student 
may arrive at a rational conclusion relative to the nature of 
lichens. This seems necessary since many botanists (in verbal 
communication) are most persistent in designating and classifying 
lichens as fungi (in agreement with Schwendener). And this is 
not all; some so-called lichenologists are just beginning to take 
notice of Schwendener’s theory and wonder “whether there is 
anything in it,” while others have not even heard of this theory 
or ignore it entirely. 
The stubborn resistance offered to the recognition of lichens as 
a distinct class (in the sense of Reinke, not Tuckerman, Acha- 
-rius and others), may be said to have a beneficial influence upon 
the general progress of lichenology. Controversy and difference 
