396 
es two or three at each node; leaves elliptic-linear, acute at each 
end (7-22 mm. by 1-4 mm.), I-nerved, thin, commonly in 4s, 
unequal, scabrous on the margin and midrib; flowers axillary 
(rarely terminal), solitary at each node, on mostly stout glabrous 
recurved pedicels which are much shorter than the leaves (2-7 mm. 
long); corolla white, rather large (3 mm. diam.), 4-parted, lobes 
acuminate ; fruit glabrous, mature fruit not seen. 
A well-defined form quite distinct from other western species. 
Specimens distributed by Mr. Howell were named G. drifidum cus- 
pidulatum Gray. This species varies considerably in size, some 
plants being much more slender than the type. 
Northern California. 
California, Holder, no. 2580 (1863); Rattan, no. 544b (1866) ; 
Trinity Co., Rattan (1883); Siskyou Co., Howell, no. 137 (1886). 
2. GALIuM TINCToRIUM L. Sp. Pl. 106. 1753. 
DC. Prod. 4: 597. 1830. Torr. Fl. N. & Mid. States, 78. 
1826. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 102. 1814. 
G. trifidum (in part) of American authors. 
G. trifidum latifolium Torr. Fl. N. & Mid. States, 78. 1826. 
G. obtusum Bigelow, Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 55. 1824. 
Perennial, erect, 15-25 cm. high, usually rather stiff, much 
branched almost to the base, branches commonly solitary, strict 
(not irregularly diffuse), several times forked; stem 4-angled, 
glabrous or very nearly so; leaves commonly in 4’s, linear to 
lanceolate (15-25 mm. long) broadest below the middle, obtuse, 
cuneate at the base, I-nerved, margin and midrib slightly scab- 
rous, dark-green and dull, not papillose; flowers terminal in clus- 
ters of 2-3, pedicels slender, not conspicuously divaricate even in 
fruit; corolla white, large (2-314 mm. diam.), 4-parted, lobes ob- 
long, acute; fruit smooth; endosperm spherical, hollow, annular in 
cross-section, 
A form occurs along the coast and in Oswego, Co., N. Y., 
differing from the type in being more slender and weaker, leaves 
linear, inflorescence naked and larger flowered; perhaps distinct. 
An examination of fresh material obtained at Ithaca, N. Y., 
shows that G. tinctorium differs also from all other species here 
treated except G. asprellum (G. arcuatum, Brandegei, cymosum and 
asperrimum not examined) in having a much larger disc at the 
base of the corolla. 
Damp shady places and swamps: Canada to North Carolina 
and Tennessee, westward to Michigan, Nebraska, Indian Territory 
and Arizona. 
