402 
2’s, stem sharply 4-angled, glabrous or slightly scabrous ; leaves in 
typical specimens rather small, in 2’s to 6's, linear-elliptic or spat- 
ulate, cuneate at the base, obtuse (7-10 mm. by 2~3 mm.), rather 
firm, margins and midrib slightly scabrous, not papillose, reduced 
to two at the upper nodes ; flowers numerous in terminal and lat- 
eral cymes; bracteoles in the inflorescence minute; pedicels in 
flower ascending, 3-5 mm. long, in fruit strongly divaricate; corolla 
large, white (2144-314 mm. diam.), 4-parted, lobes oblong, acute; 
disk at the base almost obsolete; fruit glabrous; endosperm 
grooved on the inner face, in cross-section lunate. 
Typically with small leaves and densely cymose inflorescence, 
but varying into large-leaved forms with few flowers, seemingly 
dependent upon the habitat. Many of these latter have most of 
the upper leaves in 2’s, and although Prof. Macoun’s type has not 
been seen, it seems probable that his var. dzfo/ium is to be referred 
here. G. palustre grows mostly in patches, and late in the season 
creeping branches are sent out, forming dense green mats which 
remain green until covered by the snow. When in flower it is 
quite showy, the pure white patches being very conspicuous. 
In damp shady or open places along roadsides and ditches, or 
in the margins of swamps. Newfoundland, Prince Edward's Is- 
land, and Canada to Massachusetts and New York. 
Newfoundland: Robinson & Schrenk, no. 214 (1894). 
Prince Edward's Island: Macoun (1888). 
Canada, at Montreal, Macrae (1842). 
Maine: Fernald (1891). . 
Massachusetts: Sears (1887). 
Central New York: Dudley and others, 
8. Gattum concinnum T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 22. gies, 
Endosperm deeply grooved. 
Dry hillsides ; Pennsylvania to Virginia, and westward to Min-_ 
nesota, lowa and Arkansas. 
9. GALIUM ASPRELLUM Michx. Fl. Bor, Am. 1: 78. 1803. 
DC. Prod. 4: 598. 1830. T.&G. Fl, me A SS so 1841, 
G. Pennsylvanicum Muh. Cat. 
G. spinulosum Raf. Prec. Decouv. 4o. 1814. 
G. micranthum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 103. 1814. Except fruit. 
Endosperm with a shallow groove, 
