419 
the United States), Leptopetalum mexicanum Hook. & Arn. (from 
the Liu-kiu Islands).* 
12. Hybrids are indicated by connecting the names of the 
parents by X, the alphabetical order of the specific names being 
preserved, thus Cirsium palustre X rivulare. In the position of the 
names, no difference is made as to which is “ father’ and which 
“mother.” We do not favor the binary nomenclature for hybrids.+ 
13. Manuscript names have under no circumstances a right of 
maintainance, even if they appear on printed labels of exsiccatae. 
This is also true of gardener’s names and those of trade cata- 
logues. The recognition of the species requires a printed descrip- 
tion, which may, however, appear on an exsiccata label.t 
14. An author has no right to change a generic or specific 
name once given, except for very 1 ade reasons, such as those 
cited in rule no. 11.§ 
It is very interesting to remark how nearly, after long-contin- 
ued discussion, the Berlin botanists have approximated the prin- 
ciples of the Rochester code. In fact, their rules for guidance 
include practically all the principles enunciated by the American 
botanists and zoologists, and differ from them mainly in admit- 
ting exceptions ; we believe that they will find in practice that the 
exceptions will give them more trouble than if they had not becn 
allowed, and we confidently look to their abandonment. 
1. See eae 39 
* As to “duplicate binomials” (as Cata/pa Catalpa), the German rule is put in 
the form of a recommendation, not as a fixed principle, and it may be remarked that 
they have been used by several of the monographers of the “Natiirlichen Pflanzen- 
familien.” The fact of their being tautological does not seem to us to be a good 
reason for abandoning them, and in such names as E/vasia elvasiotdes, who is to de- 
termine whether they are tautological or not? Again, the rejection of supposed or 
certainly misleading geographical names is open to many objections. A number of 
species bearing the names, Canadense, Pennsylvanicum, Missourtense do not occur 
in the Canada, Pennsylvania or Missouri of to-day, owing to changes of territorial ex- 
tent. It would be as well to reject the name Dioscorea villosa, for example, because 
the plant is not villous, and there are many such cases. The recommendations are 
not conducive to uniform practice. 
+ We think this will meet with general approval, 
t Publication of a species consists only (1) in the distribution of a printed de- 
scription of the species named; (2) in the publishing of a binomial, with reference to 
a previously published species as a type (Canon II, Rochester Code). : 
§ Here again we note an unfortunate indefiniteness which is not conducive to 
stability. 
