566 Hitt: Nores ON MIGRATORY PLANTS 
HELIANTHUS PETIOLARIS Nutt. This was mentioned in the 
same article as growing along railroads both east and west of 
Chicago. I saw it first in 1897. It keeps its place in localities 
which it frequented then and has since considerably extended its 
range. It readily takes root in the dry soil of the railway em- 
bankments, sending the root down quite deep for an annual, and 
from its low habit escapes the destruction that is apt to befall 
taller plants by the trackmen. As yet it seems confined to such 
localities, 
Heviantuus ANNuUs L. The form from the western plains 
is the one here meant. I noticed it first in 1891, west of the city. 
It was growing in the dump from stock-cars thrown out in piles 
along the railway tracks. The following year it was seen growing 
under similar conditions east of the city. It still continues most 
abundant in the same kind of habitat, but of late I have met with 
it in fields, competing with indigenous species more common to 
such localities, such as H. grosse-serratus, H. giganteus, 71. doront- 
coides. These being perennials keep their ground where the soil is 
not much disturbed by means of their tuberous rootstocks, plenti- 
fully produced, and line the fence-rows and field-bordersin cultivated 
areas. But where the soil has been disturbed, and especially if left 
unused for a little while, HW. annuus seems the more agile plant and 
comes in, to make extensive patches sometimes. The larger leaves 
and flowers make it a more conspicuous plant than the native kinds, 
which it equals in height. Sometimes a few clumps or some 
scattered examples of the garden escape appear among them or 1n 
close proximity, and the stems, commonly taller, and the larger 
flowers, bring them into contrast very effectively. The western 
sunflower has become a weed, but is so easily destroyed and con- 
fined to unused stations that it can hardly be called troublesome. 
GRINDELIA SQUARROSA (Pursh) Dunal. Possibly the same 
cannot be affirmed as to the inoffensiveness of this and the plant 
next following. The gum-plant was reported as occurring here 
in 1891, being found at South Evanston, just north of Chicas® 
Since then it has been found in other localities, generally beside rail- 
roads. Last summer I came across it in stations relatively remote 
from railway tracks, and growing under conditions that led to the 
thought that it might become an unwelcome denizen of pastures. 
