sid, mostly longer than the flowers. Pappus 
cup-shaped. 
often connate at ihe base; capitulum terminal. 
Species. 1. JD). sylvestris. Introduced; now becoming 
naturalized. 
A genus indigenous to the South of Europe. The D. 
AS sags with hooked chaff is used m dressing woollen 
clot 
q 181, GALIUM. L. (Bed-straw. Cleavers.) 
Calix 4-toothed. Corolla monopetalous, 4- 
d clelt, flat. Seeds 2, neagly round. 
Smooth or asperate; flowers terminal, often corymbose- 
ly paniculate, or axillary. Leaves verticillate. Flowers 
rarely 3-clefi, with 3 siamens. 
Species. 1. G trifidum. 2. latifolium. 3. uniflorum. 4. 
tinctorium. 5. asprellum. 6. Aparine. 7. ulizinosum2. 8, 
brachiatum, Pursh. 9. triflorum 10. hispidulum. 11. Ber- 
mudianum. 12. pilosum. 13. circezans. 14, boreale. 13. 
5 ae Elliott, (with the segments of the corolla cau- 
date. 
i bss 3 The principal part of this. numerous "genus, exists in 
ee. Europe, several are alpine, there aré also species in Sibe- 
ria, Barbary, and at the Cape of Good Hope; 7 in Peru, 
-. and I at Montevideo; 1 inthe forests of Arabia, described 
~ by Forskall, and another ardund the ruins of Jerusalem; 
in the isle of Crete there are 2 species with shrubby stems. 
Several species of Galium, like the Madder (Rubia tinc- 
torum) to which they are nearly allied, afford scarlet or 
orange dyes. Of these the G. tinctorium and G. boreale? 
are made use of by the aborigines of North America. in 
the same manner as the Peruvians 9 the G. a 
sum. (V. Flor. Peruv. i. p. 59.) 
“138, RUBIA, L. (Madder.) 
— < Calix 4-toothed. Corolla campanulate, 4or5_ 
Cleft. Berries 2, roundish and smooth, single- 
seeded. (Stamina 4 or 5.) 
: . Habit similar to Galium. 
<< Neehaee 1. R. Brownei. From Carolina to Florida. — 
gout this genus, besides the above, there are 2 
s to the continent of Europe; 1 to © 
Sadi i ‘India, 1 to Minorea, and 2 to 
. zs a 
- TETRANDRIA. MONOGXNIA. “oe 
Herbaceous, prickly or asperate; leaves of the stem 
5 
