PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. 147 
225. VIOLA. E. (Violet.) © 
Calix 5-leaved, produced at the base. Corolla 
5-petalled, irregular, the lower petal cornute 
behind. nthers connivent, cohering at the 
membranaceous apex, Capsule superior, 3- 
valved, 1-celled. ae a 
Herbaceous, rarely shrubby; leates alternate, stipulate; 
peduncles radical or axillary, 1-flowered, flowers often 
- verted. (Capsule cartilaginous, obtusely triangular, 
valves seminiferous in the middie, contracting when open, 
and ejecting the seeds with elasticity; seeds in S rows, 
eovered with a fragile coloured shell; hilum carunculate; 
corculum erect and flat, in the centre of a carneous peris- 
perm; cotyledons roundish-oval, radicle cylindric.—AllL 
the North American species of Viola, like the V. canina, 
continue through the summer to produce apetalous flow- 
ers and fruit; (with the exception of the anomalous V. 
similar to this. 
_ 2. palmata. Leaves always 
wie Ve cus 
eullata by the constancy of the pubescence; stigma capi- 
tate, recurved, rostrate, depressed, margined all round; 
segments of the calix acute. eee 
3. sagittata. Leaf, nearly smooth, or sometimes slightly 
pubescent on the upper side, often hastate; flower scarcely 
to be distinguished from that of V. cucudlata. 8.*emargina- _ 
ta. Leaves similar tothose of V. sazittata, almost iangular- 
ly cordate, or hastate, lacerately toothed near the base and 
decurrent in a narrow margin on the petiole, always smooth = 
beneath, often pubescent above; scape lc than the 
leaf; petals obovate, all emarginate or bi-dentate, the low 
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