17 



78 acres, or 2.3 per cent, of the total area of this type 

 of forest. 



volume per acre of another part of this forest worked 



out as follows : 



It will be seen that the 78 acres of strips 

 carried 35 species and 223 trees, 6 feet and over in accounted for 114 cubic feet. 



1,786 cubic feet, of which other genera 



girth at breast height, containing 26,826 cubic feet of 



sawn timber, or 344 cubic feet per acre, and 120 cubic Soputa area we have 



Setting out the Philippine data with those of the 



feet per tree. The composition of this forest differs 

 entirely from the Galley Reach types, although it 

 looks much the same to the casual observer. It is rain 

 forest, but the mixture of species is different. I found 

 only eight out of the 132 Galley Reach species, and the 

 remainder — 27 species — were new to me. Of the old 



District . 



specimens, No. 5 — okamu — is now among the predomi- 

 nant trees, but No. 1 — damoni — has fallen back to the 

 4 per cent, mark, and the two other predominant trees 

 are new ones. No. 29 — devoru — and No. 47 — waiama- 



hasi — have also about the same representation. No. 



13 — sihu — which was predominant on the Vanapa, car- 

 ries here only 1\ per cent, of the total volume, while 

 No. 34 — ilimo — is not represented at all. 



The three predominant species account for 51 per 

 cent, of the total cubic contents, and 50 per cent, of 

 the number of trees. Of the three, the dipterocarp 

 No. 136 — karawa — is by far the most numerous, every 

 fourth tree in the forest is a karawa. Nearly one-third 

 of the total volume is accounted for by this species. 

 Even so, there are not enough trees to give one mill-leg 



to the acre; the average works out at ten trees on 14 

 acres. They are not so numerous as to strike the eye, 



and make one say, " This is a dipterocarp forest." If 

 ,ii y thing, No. 5 — okamu — arrests the eye more — pro- 

 bably owing to its red-brown scrolled bark and its de- 

 veloped buttresses. Until he becomes familiar with 



No. 136 — karawn — the forester is apt to confound it 



Northern Negros 



Bataan 



N. Laguna No. 1 



N. Lacuna No. 2 



Saputo 







» 





Diptf 



t<>< arp 



Tot 



:al. 



Dipterocarps. 



^^^m 



Percentage 



Trees 



Volume 



Trees 



Volume 







Per 



Per 



Per 



Per 



Trees. Volume. 



Acre. 



Acre. 



Acre. 



Acre. 







180 



6,182 



175 



6,074 



/o 



98 



/o 



98 



6-5 



Lisii 



4-5 



.911 



70 



75 



6-5 



L,2o2 



6-0 



1,135 



94 



90 



• • 



1,786 



• • 



1,672 



■ • 



93 



2-7 



344 



0-7 



110 



31 



24 



Volume 



Per 



Tree. 



342 

 182 



192 



156 



The Papuan dipterocarp forest compare very unfavor- 

 ably with the Philippine one. Matthews' volumes are 

 solid cubic contents, and mine, which are based on 0.5 

 form factor, could, therefore, be scaled up 30 per cent, 

 to 40 per cent.; even so, the total volume per acre is 

 only 437 cubic feet, as compared with 6,000 cubic feet 

 in the best stand, and 1,186 in the lowest stand 



measured. While the number of species of Diptero- 



carpaceae in the Soputa forest is reduced to one, the 

 number of other species is 34. This is another serious 

 disadvantage, for such mixed forests are exceedingly 



difficult to manage and very wasteful to work. When 

 allowance is made for my low- form factor, the volume 

 per tree does not differ much from the Papuan forest, 



„ -,*i i „ , T • i-i / • • , - except in the case of the Negros forests, which is el 



with a dozen other species, while akamu is quite ens- l ,. n i r+ 



tinct and very easily recognizable. 



On the results of the census this type should be called 

 a dipterocrap forest. It will be interesting to compare 

 it with a dipterocarp forest of the Philippines. Brown 

 and Matthews have described the various types of dip- 



exceptionally good quality. 



It will be seen that I have not included any new 

 valuable species in table XII. It is quite possible that 

 further examination of the new species found in Buna 

 district will enable this list to be added to. In th^ 



i AlwwlJll( ? ^i ,i , ,1 i ,t o iV '- i f meantime, until the timbers have been put to practical 



terocarp forests that occur there, and the following data A y , , T , . , ,, *., i . r 



c 



have been extracted from the valuable work they have 



published. (1) . In the forest of Northern Xegros, the 



dipterocarps, which number five main species, are repre- 

 sented by 43 trees to the hectare, containing 425 cubi 

 metres ; while all the other genera are represented by 

 1.4 trees to the hectare containing 6.16 cubic metres. 

 These figures include all species down to 60 centimetres 

 in diameti 

 the acre. 



r. Reducing these figures to cubic feet to 

 we find 17| dipterocarps containing 6,074 

 cubic feet, and half a tree of other genera, cubing 



use, and so tested, I hesitate to add to the number of 

 obviously valuable timbers. A description of the species 

 and their timbers will be found in section VI. 



After completing the work around Soputa I inspect ed 

 all the country to the north of the Kakoda track as 



far as Hauhohambo, and so back via Sagario, and the 

 Ointatandi path to Wasida. All this country has been, 



or is being, cleared by the natives for farming purposes. 



The areas of grass lands are very numerous indeed, 



and the fringes of timber are narrow and small. The 



188 feet. Expressed as a percentage these data read : sites of many abandoned villages in the centre of grass 



Dipterocarps, 98 per cent, of trees and 98 per cent, of 

 the volume. 



patches show the trend of affairs; the natives, having 

 exhausted the land, have moved their villages to the 



t jr. t-> 4. r i. -l"l j- 4 i forest. They are now protecting enough forest around 



In the .Bataan forest the diameter classes were mea- , . .,, J . . , ' , ,. b , , a 



sured down to 30 centimetres in diameter, but again 1 

 extract only those of 60 centimetres diameter upwards; 

 these correspond to the 6 feet and over mill logs of my 

 Saputa strip survey. Here are the figures in English 



measurements: — Six and a half trees to the acre, 

 6 feet and over in girth (of which four and a half 



depot. 



were dipterocarp), contained 1,186 cubic feet, of which 

 the dipterocarps cubed 911 cubic feet. 



dipterocarps here represented 70 per cent, of the total 



The mill log 



their villages to give them shelter, shade, and a sanitary 



Such reserves have become a necessity owing 

 to the increase of the area under grass, and the Govern- 

 ment prohibition regarding making new villages. From 

 Wasida, a round of inspections was made south, towards 



Mount Lamiiigton, and west, to the Kumusi. Here 

 we approach hilly country, and the forests are, for the 

 most part, farm re-growth. Alluvial land is confined 

 to the gullies, and stony and gravelly hill slopes, 

 carrying less timber, replace the heavier stands of the 



number of trees, and 75 per cent, of the cubic contents. ^i -:L TUi,^ ^ «'*«,—;«„ „™™ * i. u • i 



* l plains. I hough the t arming seems to have been earned 



The figures for the Northern Laguna forest work out 

 as follows: — The dipterocarps represent 94 per cent, of 

 the trees and 90 per cent, of the volume. The total 

 number of trees per acre was six and a half, and cubed 



1,262 feet. This forest has been cut over, and valuable 



species other than dipterocarps removed under a desul- 

 tory system of selection, which accounts for a somewhai 



heavier percentage of dipterocarps of logging size. The 



~ * ' " -'■ " '■■ ■ —— ^ — in ■ i . i in i — • — ' — 



(1) Brown and Matthews : Dipterocarp Forests. Philippine Journal of 

 Science, Vol. IX., Xos. 5 and 6, Sec. A. 



out as intensely, the re-growth is decidedly a forest 

 one. Here grass land has not the same advantage as 

 on the plains, and the weed trees have no difficulty in 

 holding their own. Only on very steep slopes, so steep 

 as to make the root-hold of large woody plants 

 impossible, does grass-land beat wood-land. Of 

 timber, there is little to report, though the weed tree 

 re-growth was interesting, and I was able to collect 

 a fair amount of botanical material. The following list 

 gives the native names, and, where possible, the 



