175 



of 80 feet, my computation would give it a con- 

 tent of 456 cubic feet. If it were felled, and 

 found to measure at the middle of the 80 feet 

 bole, 10 feet, then the solid contents would be 

 really 632 cubic feet. The form factor is close on 



arrived at Sattleberg at 6.15, where Mr. Helbig made 

 me welcome, giving rue one of the cottages for the 



d through consisted 



at 



night. The formations passe 



first of coraline limestones, which at 1,000 feet gave 



way to chalk, and this persists to the top. The usual 



.7 instead of .5, and the loss by my computation weed tree re-growth covered the slopes for most of the 



is 176 cubic feet, or 27 per cent. 



girth system "• — an old method of measurement, 



The " quarter way, though in the gullies the mixed ram forest type 



1 A .K A 



still persisted. Poitwlia pinnata, Alstonia scholaris, 



which, curiously enough, is still in use for felled A. longumma, Pilocarpus indicus', Artocarpus sp. No* 

 timber in most parts of Australia— gives our log " - 



500 cubic feet, a difference of 44 cubic feet com- 



6, Celt is phifippinengis, Terminalia okari, Vitex sp., 

 and Vitex cofassux, Octometes 9wnatroma (cue tree 



pared with mine. It is clear the less the taper, only ) ? sev eral Eugenias, Gardnia si)., a number of the 

 the greater the underestimate, and the greater the ^ enUs Fiem , Lian<s and Eattans were well represented. 



taper, the nearer the form factor approaches .5, 

 and therefore to my figure. To convert my estimate 

 when a true form factor is obtained, all that is 



necessary is to multiply by 2, and apply the new 

 form factor. 



APPENDIX 11. 



Expedition to Sarawaket. 



The object was to investigate the country lying 

 between the coast and the highest point of the dividing 

 range which lies between the Markham and Rainu on 



By ascending the mountain 



<< 



the west and the sea on the east. The range is gene- 

 rally called Finisterre, but the mountain Sarawaket, 

 though apparently the south-eastern end and highest 

 peak of the Finisterre is in reality separated from that 

 range by a deep valley 



from the Finschhafen, I hoped not only to cover all 

 the possible regions of vegetation from mangrove 1o 



Alpine grass," but I expected to find my road fairly 

 easy, thanks to the work of the Lutheran Mission, 

 which has its head-quarters at Finschafen. 



I landed at Finschhafen on the 4th November, 1923, 

 and was made welcome by the Rev. Flier, the senior 

 of the Mission, and his colleagues at the Mission 



Station. I interviewed the Rev. J. Philhofer at Hels- 



bach, who has an intimate knowledge of the interior, 

 having carried out several arduous explorations right 

 over the main range into Papua. Although he had not 



The crimson D'Albertis creeper (M ucuna Bennettii), 



was in full bloom, also the coral pink Freysinettia. 



The two common screwpines (Pandanus sp.) were con- 

 spicuous. The crowns were festooned with orchids, 

 bird's nest and elkhorn ferns. 



There were some trees I did not recognize, but no- 

 where did I see a stand which was worth stopping to 

 make a strip survey. At about 2,000 feet the foothill 

 forest began to be met with. Quercus junghuhnii 



Miq., and soon several old friends appeared belonging 

 to this upland region, and finally the big and then the 

 small accrned oaK were seen (<£). spicafta and Q\ lam- 

 ponyd). The common raspberry (Hubus moll in-mxis) 

 was plentiful in open spaces, and here and there a very 

 tall treefern made a distinct third story. Medinellas 

 and Balsams gave colour to the undergrowth, as did the 

 variegated-leafed Aralias. 



Sattleberg consists of a collection of cottages for the 

 use of the missionaries who come up for a change once 

 a year. There is also a school where the children of 

 these missionaries are educated. There were 20 children 

 at the school. The climate is very much cooler than at 

 sea level, and so this sanatorium offers a fine bracing 

 change in the dry season. In the south-east monscon, 

 which was still blowing at the time of my visit. Sattle- 

 berg gets too much mist; it is just on the edge of the 

 cloud belt. 



Thursday, 8th November. — Leaving Sattleberg, we 



visited"Sarawaket^he"wasVbieTc give me VerT Valuable P"f hed on wi , th f [ esh carriers, and passing through the 



• - village of Bolengbangeng, reached Nganduo, where we 



B L«. The bush passed through had 

 been much farmed, and weed tree re-growth was com- 

 mon. The rain forest species were/ net lost, and 

 Alstonia scholar!* was common close to oaks and tree 



information regarding the route, and an excellent map 

 prepared by the Rev. Keysser, who had himself reached 

 the summit. Also he gave me a letter to all native 

 Mission teachers, or helpers as they are called, so- that 



camped for the night. 



I should obtain the necessary carriers to enable me to 



get through, not only the populated but the high, un- *? rn > * nd toa ^ hoo l 



and the 



inhabited region. 



Until Tuesday, the 6th, I was engaged in repacking 

 stores, and making up shoulder and back loads, and 

 arranging to get 35 carriers to take them. I had taken 

 the precaution to have a number of canvas swags sewn 



in Kabaul, and in these I packed 35 lb. of rice and 

 other perishable stores, I met with some difficulties in 

 the matter of payment, for instead of the usual pay- 

 ment in sticks of American twist tobacco, I found I 

 should have to pay in money, for the natives grow a 

 much superior tobacco, the seed having been introduced 

 by the missionaries, and they have no need for the 

 usual trade stuff, while with money they are able to 



missionaries have 

 The difficulty was finally 



overcome, the head of the Mission financing me for the 



expedition. 



Wednesday, 7th November. — Started off by boat to 



Helsbach, 29 carriers going by land with two police 



boys in charge. At Helsbach, where the road begins 



which leads to the Sanatorium at Battle-berg, I obtained 



noticed 



L-linl/ii. 



on several 



Otherwise 



crests 



tail 



I 



pines 



Dacrydium elai am, while 



A am curia 

 of this foothill country WM 



. igapetes moorlioiisiana was a 



to the high creepers. Whei 

 glorious climber I stand amazed at the wealth of rose- 

 coloured bell-shaped blossoms which literally envelope 

 the twining stems. 



the nature 



much as yesterday, 

 beautiful addition 



tever I meet this 



Friday, 9th November. 



Carriers were 



< i 



buy many commodities that the 

 taught them the use of. 



short this 

 morning:, but women with excellent u billum," as the 

 net-bags are called, came to the rescue and cheerfully 

 walked off with the loads. They are better carriers 

 than men, being more accustomed to it, and carrying 

 as they do with the loop of the string bag across their 

 brows. The bags are capacious and are made of twine 

 from the bark of (Inetum ffnenum>, a common enough 

 tree hereabouts. Packed with a 35-lb. swag of rice 

 and several articles of feminine use, the load is swung 

 an the back, the brow band adjusted, and then a baby 

 is perched on the top who retains his balance by a grasp 



- on mother's wool. The young Dacrydium elata around 



six more boys, and at 1.45, saying good-bye to the here look just like young spruce, and at first I found 

 Rev. Pilhofer,' started the climb. The road is still it hard to believe that the elder trees were of the same 

 in the course of construction, and is therefore rather 

 heavy. It is 8 miles long and well graded, rising as 

 it does from sea level to 3,000 feet. The usual delays 



the road, so that we 



caused by carriers occurred 



species. No wonder the missionaries send up here for 

 their Christmas trees. AW reached Junxnign l>y lunch- 

 lime, and then climbed along a knife-edged ridge that 

 divides the valleys of the Mape and the Sa.i. The mist 



