( 304 ) 
is very easily distinguished by having not only a narrow frontal edge, but the 
whole anterior portion of the crown orange-yellow without any red; the breast 
deeper crimson; the flanks strongly shaded with olive; and especially by the 
deeper yellow of the abdomen and under tail-coverts being strongly suffused with 
crimson, 
? ad. Not distinguishable from those of P. a. fascdicauda and P. a. purusiana. 
Type in Tring Museum: ¢ ad., Calama, 23. viii. 1907 (W. Hoffmanns coll., 
No. 445). 
The three adult males present very little variation ¢nter se. In one specimen 
(No. 2) the two central pairs of rectrices are uniform black ; the next has a distinct 
white patch near the base of the inner web ; the three remaining ones are, on both 
webs, banded with yellowish white. In the two other examples (Nos. 399, 445) the 
innermost rectrix alone is wholly black, while the two next pairs show a white 
patch on the inner web. Otherwise they resemble No.2. The under tail-coverts — 
have long black tips, as in P. a. purusiana. That No. 757 (3 juv.) from Allianca 
belongs to this new form, and not to P. a. fasciicauda, is proved by several just 
appearing new feathers on the abdomen being mainly crimson (not uniform clear 
yellow as in the latter form), and by the colour of the already assamed shorter 
under tail-coverts, which are yellow, tipped and edged with crimson, exactly as in 
the adult males from Calama. 
This interesting new form approaches P. a. flaricollis, from the left bank of 
the Rio Madeira, by the coloration of the head and by the middle of the abdomen 
being suffused with crimson, yet it can readily be distinguished by having the 
flanks yellow mixed with olive (instead of deep black), the under tail-coverts 
bright yellow with crimson edges and long black tips (not uniform black), as well as 
by the white cross-bands on the outer rectrices. 
It is a remarkable fact that the environs of Calama are inhabited by a peculiar 
race different from P. a. fasciicauda, which is met with on the Rio Machados above 
the waterfalls. 
The group of Pipra aureola affords so excellent an example of geographical 
variation that I deemed it interesting to append a condensed review of the various 
forms and their characters. 
(a) Pipra aureola aureola (Linn.). 
Parus Aureola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 191 (1758.—based on Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds ii. p. 83. 
pl. 83. fig. 2: “from some part of South America, near the equinoctial line "—Surinam fixed 
as type locality). 
Hab. Cayenne; Surinam; British Guiana; N.E, Venezuela: Guanoco 
(Orinoco delta), El Pilar near Caripano, State of Cumané; Lower Amazonia, from 
Marajé to Mandos (Barra do Rio Negro). 
3 ad. Head above except a narrow orange-yellow frontal band crimson ; cheeks 
and ear-coverts strongly washed with crimson ; chin and upper throat deep orange- 
yellow, the tips of the feathers more or less red ; foreneck and breast deep crimsou ; 
abdomen and under tail-coverts black, middle line of abdomen narrowly pale red, 
flammulated with whitish. Tail black, outermost rectrix sometimes with a narrow 
white streak on the outer web near the shaft. Wing of twenty specimens 62—66 ; 
tail 28—32 mm, 
06s. Three males from Mandos (Natterer coll., Vienna Museum) have very 
