424 White : Tylostomaceae of North America 



none of the European specimens of this variety seen, have such a 

 rough stem, or a peridium of the exact shape as shown in the figure, 

 but it is evident notwithstanding, what it was meant to represent. 

 T. pedunculatum being the commonest European species, and 

 widely distributed tends to vary and extreme specimens are found 

 to differ so widely that were it not for the many intermediate 

 stages, the extremes might well be kept distinct, as indeed has 

 been done by several writers. 



Linnaeus* refers to this same plant by its first binomial, 

 Lycoperdon pedunculatum, and cites the above-mentioned descrip- 

 tions oi Ray and Tournefort. His description is in the following 

 words : " Stipite longo, capitulo globoso glabro ; ore cylindrico, 

 integerrimo. Habitat in campestribus." In 1794 Persoon 

 established the genus Tulostoma.f He described it — "Peridium 

 stipitatum, ore cylindrico cartilageneo " — and mentions two species 



/ 



(M 



11); these two species have since been commonly referred to, 

 under the name of T. mammositm (Mich.) Fries, but all these 

 specific names are antedated by pedunculatum of Linnaeus. 



Since the time of Persoon, various species of Tylostoma have 

 been described, and De Toni| enumerates thirty-four species from 

 different parts of the world. 



Our own species were studied in 1890 by Morgan, § but 

 evidently from a limited amount of material In his paper 

 he enumerates five species, of which T. mammositm and 

 T. fimbriatum are originally European, two were new native 

 species, T. verrucosum and T. campestre, and the fifth he 

 called r, Meyenianum KX, but it is evident that the original 

 T. Meyenianum was not a true Tylostoma but a poorly figured 

 species of the genus Chlamydopus, and as the material on which 

 Morgan based his determination is not now available, we are uncer- 

 tain as to what his last species really is. T. pedunculatum was first 

 reported from this country in i8i8by Schweinitz|| under the name 



*Sp. Plant. 1 184. 1753. 



1 Tylostoma from tv\oa t callous skin, and cmpa, a mouth. 

 JSaccardo, Syll. Fung. 7: 60; g: 268; n : 159; 14 : 258. 



2 Jour. Cm. Soc. Nat. Hist. 12 : 163; //. 16. /. 7-5. 1890. 

 || Syn. Fung. Car. 34. 18x8. 



