INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. Xi 
90. In general shape the Corolla is 
tubular, when the whole or the greater part forms a tube or a cylinder. 
companulate, when approaching in some measure the shape of a cup or bell. 
urceolate, when the tube is swollen, but contracted at the top, and slightly 
expanded again into a narrow rim, as in many Heaths. — 
rotate or stellate, when the petals or lobes are spread out horizontally from 
the base, or nearly so, like the rays of a wheel or star. 
hypocrateriform or salver-shaped, when the lower part is cylindrical, and the 
upper portion expanded horizontally. In this case the term tube is re- 
stricted to the cylindrical part, and the horizontal portion is called the 
limb, whether it be divided to the base or not. 
infundibuliform or funnel-shaped, when the tube is cylindrical below, but 
gradually enlarged upwards into a sub-campanulate limb, of which the 
lobes either stand erect or spread horizontally. 
Fain upper orifice of the tube of a monopetalous corolla is often called its mouth or 
throat, 
Irregular corollas have received various names ; some of the most important are, 
bilabiate or two-lipped corolla, when in a four or five-lobed corolla (or calyx) 
the two or three upper lobes stand obviously apart, like an upper lip, 
_ from the two or three lower lobes, that form an under-lip. 
personate, when two-lipped, and the orifice of the tube closed by a projection 
from the base of the upper or lower lip, called a palate ; as in Snapdragon, 
Nemesia, &e, 
ringent, when strongly two-lipped and the orifice of the tube very open. 
spurred, when the tube, or the lower part of the petal has a conical, hollow 
projection, compared to the spur of a cock ; saccate, when the spur is short 
and round, like a little bag ; gidbous, when swollen or enlarged atone side. 
resupinate, or reversed, when the under-lip is turned up, or appears so. 
The above terms are mostly applied to monopetalous corollas. Terms applied to 
certain forms of corolla distinctive of certain natural orders will be explained under 
the respective orders, 
§ 10. The Stamens. 
91. The stamens or fertilizing organs of a flower, though in a theoretical point of 
view regarded as metamorphosed leaves, are yet, except in a few cases of petal-like 
stamens, very different in shape and aspect from leaves, sepals or petals. : 
92. Usually a stamen consists of a stalk or filament, bearing at the summit an 
anther, divided into two pouches or cells. These anther-cells are filled with pollen, 
commonly existing as minute grains, forming a yellow dust, which on the expansion 
of the flower is scattered abroad from an opening in each cell, called a slit or pore. 
The part of the anther which connects the two cells is called the connective ; it 1s 
sometimes a mere line, but often variously expanded, causing the cells to separate 
more or less. ait ase ‘. 
94, In gs deue cal flowers the stamens of each whorl are sometimes reduced 
in number below that of the petals, even to a single one, and in several Natural 
95, Stamens are— ; : 
monadelphous, when united by their filaments into one company or cluster. 
This cluster ee es pistil, or if the pistil 
be wanting, occupies the centre o: ower. ; 
Sicha aida aigler tate two clusters. In many Leguminose 9 sta- 
mens are united by their filaments into a tube, slit on the upper side, 
and a tenth, placed in the slit, is free. In Fumariacee there are two 
equal groups, each consisting of 3 (or rather }, 1, 4) stamens. 
