Papaver.} FUMARIACEZ (Harv.) 15 
zone, especially in the Eastern Continent. Several genera are peculiar to North 
America. Very few are found south of the equator. Argemone Mexicana, originally 
from the new world, has become naturalized throughout the tropics and sub-tropics 
of both hemispheres. Opium is the well known product of the Poppy : and similarly 
narcotic properties prevail throughout the Order. Some are violently acrid poisons. 
Only one species occurs in S. Africa. 
; I. PAPAVER, Linn. 
Sepals 2-3, convex, deciduous. Petals 4-6, crumpled in the bud. 
Stamens indefinite. Ovary obovate, crowned with 4-20, radiating, linear, 
sessile stigmata. Capsule oblong, dry, opening by small pores under the 
stigmata ; placente projecting into the cavity and dividing it into 
several incomplete chambers. Seeds very numerous. DC. Prod. 1. 
p. 117. ; 
_ Annual or perennial herbs, with milky juice, often prickly, roughly hispid. Leaves 
Pinnatifid, variously cut; peduncles axillary, one-flowered. Flowers red, yellow, 
white or purple, or parti-coloured. Poppies abound in Europe and Temperate Asia ; one 
(P. nudicaulis ) is found within the Arctic Circle; one in South Africa, and another, 
very similar to it, in Australia. Named, it is said, because Opium (we hope not 
always) “‘ is administered to children with pap (papa in Celtic) to induce sleep.” 
1. P. aculeatum (Thunb. Fl Cap. p. 431); capsules glabrous, a 
oblong-obovate ; sepals hispid ; stem erect, branched, densely covered gee 
with spreading, rigid, unequal bristles ; leaves setoso-hispid, sinuately 
pinnatifid, with spine-tipped lacinie. #.d&Z. ! No. 20. P. Gariepi- 
num, Burch. in DC. Prod. i. p. 119. 
Has. Sandy ground near rivers, in the Northern and Eastern Districts. Orange 
River, Burchell, E. & Z.! Burke | Uitenhage, E. & Z. / On the Cowie, Albany, 7. 
Williamson ! Outeniquas, George; Thunb. (Herb. T.C.D.) 
Root annual. Radical leaves numerous, rosulate, tapering at base into a broad, 
flat petiole, sinuate or deeply pinnatifid, setose, and armed on the nerves with 
strong, erect, yellow bristles. Stemleaves sessile, clasping, very hispid. Stem 1-4 
feet high, rough with bristles and rigid hairs. Flowers on a long naked peduncle. 
Petals a “ scarlet-orange” (Burch.). 
Orper VI. FUMARIACEH. DC. 
: (By W. H. Harvey). — 
'umariaces, DC., Syst. 2. p. 105. Prodr. x. p. 125. Endl. Gen. Pl. 
aia Papen tk | Lindl Vee, Kingd. No. clviii.) 
Sepals 2, deciduous, squameform. Petals 4, cruciate, one or both of 
the outer pair saccate at base ; the inner pair callous and hooded at 
the apex, where they cohere and enclose the anthers and stigma. 
Stamens diadelphous, 3 in each parcel, opposite the outer petals. 
Ovary free, one celled, one or many ovuled ; ovules parietal, amphi- 
tropal ; style filiform. wit various, dry ; either a one-seeded nut or 
a many seeded bivalve or indehiscent pod. Seeds often crested, with _ 
copious, fleshy albumen, and a minute, excentric embryo. ee a 
Herbaceous with fibrous or tuberous roots ; w ing, brittle, == 
Score gp Gener Pea ped ied kee 
stipules, the petioles often changed into branching tendrils. Flowers. 
the S. African species) of small size, white, pink or purple, or yellow. — 
