| Xanthoaylon] —-xaNTHOxYLER, (Harv.) 445 
OrDER XL. XANTHOXYLEA, Nees & Mart. 
(By W. H. Harvey.) 
_ (Xanthoxylex, Nees and Mart. 1823. A. de Juss, 1825.—Endl. Gen. 
No. cel. Xanthoxylacex, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. p. 472.) 
Flowers mostly unisexual, regular, small, Calyx free, 4-5 parted. Pe- 
tals as many as the calyx-lobes, deciduous, twisted in zstivation. Sta- 
mens as many or twice as many as the petals, on the torus ; filaments 
free, subulate ; anthers 2-celled. A rudiment of an ovary in the F 
flowers. In the 9: stamens none, or rudimentary, hypogynous. Car- 
pels 3-5, on a gynophore or stipe, separate or more or less cohering into 
a plurilocular ovary; ovules 2-4 in each carpel ; styles united or more 
or less distinct, sometimes very short or obsolete. Frwit fleshy or mem- 
branous, 2—5-celled, or of 1-5 drupes or follicles. Seeds mostly solitary, 
albuminous, with a shining (black) coat, rarely winged ; embryo the 
length of the albumen, with flat cotyledons and a short, superior radicle, 
Trees or shrubs, chiefly tropical, common in America and Asia, much less numer- 
ous in S. Africa and Australia. Branches, twigs, petioles, and leaflets often armed 
with strong and sharp prickles. Leaves alternate or opposite, abruptly or impari- 
pinnate or pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets mostly pellucid dotted, entire or serrulate, 
The properties are aromatic and pungent. The fruit of X. capense, called “ Wild 
Cardamon” by the colonists, is sometimes prescribed for flatulency and paralysis, 
Pappe, Fl. Med. p. 8. Some of the American species have similar, but much more 
powerful qualities. 
TABLE OF THE S. AFRICAN GENERA. 
I, Xanthoxylon.—Stamens as many as the petals. Ovary of one or several one 
seeded carpels ; styles distinct ; sti capitate. 
"IL Toddalia.—Stamens ag many as the petals. Ovary ovoid, 4-5-celled ; stigma 
sub-sessile, 4-5 lobed. 
Be TE Vepris.— Stamens twice as many as the petals. Ovary sub-globose, 4-celled ; 
stigma sessile, broad and peltate. 
I. XANTHOXYLON, L. 
_ Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4 (3 or 5) parted, small. Petals hypogy- 
nous, as ringhee a the * ive ob tal alternate with them, a acl in 
westivation. ¢: stamens as many as the petals and alternate; - ents 
free, subulate. A rudimentary ovary. @: stamens none or at rtive, 
Carpels 1-5, on a fleshy torus, separate or sub-coherent ; 0 iss & in 
each carpel, collateral. Styles terminal, cylindrical, long or short; stigma 
capitate. Capsules leathery, 1-5, sessile or stipitate, 2 aaa Se 
seeded ; seeds black and shining —W. § A. Prod. 1. p. 148. Endl. 
0» 5972. 
i i i the branches, 
Trees or shru th hemispheres, armed with sharp prickles on 
~~ often on se pontten and nerves of the leaflets. Leaves Lippe pas 
rarely simple or trifoliolate, mostly abruptly pinnate, often pellucid dotted. r 
small in axillary or terminal panicles. The name is compounded of gav6os, yellow, 
and tvAoy, wood ; the roots of some contain a yellow dye. The seh ng 
to the sub-genus Ruerza, W. & A. (Fagarastrum, Don.), characterized by a 4- 
tetrandrous flower, and a single carpel. 
