British Species of fresh-water Fishes. 9 
anal fin is situated on the obliquity thus produced. The first ray of the anal 
fin is short, the second the longest, the last ray double. The fleshy part of the 
tail is narrow, the rays moderately forked, the central rays being only half as 
long as those which are terminal. 
The localities from which this species is derived, within the township of 
Knowsley, are but limited. It is hardy, tenacious of life, and spawns in May. 
The flesh is said to be firm, of good flavour, and to resemble that of the Perch. 
The food, and the baits used for its capture, are the same as those taken by 
the Carp; and the largest specimen known was not supposed to exceed one 
pound in weight. I hope at some future period to be able to add further 
details. 
While fishing in the month of August last in the Thames below Woolwich, 
with the mouth of a whitebait net open against a strong flood-tide, I caught a 
single specimen of Cyprinus Dobula of Linnzus, but have not been fortunate 
enough to obtain any more since. This species, well described and figured by 
Bloch, No. 5, is common to the Elbe, the Weser, and other rivers on the oppo- 
site coast, but has not, that I am aware, been recorded before as having been 
taken in any river of England. This fish also belongs to the genus Leuciscus 
of Klein, and to the same division of that genus as the Graining, Leuciscus 
Lancastriensis. 
The specimen taken was 6£ inches long, and being a young male fish, was 
slender in proportion to its length. The general colour a dusky blue on the 
back, becoming brighter on the sides, and passing into silvery white beneath. 
The lateral line, descending from the upper angle of the operculum, takes a 
course along the side parallel to the curve of the belly; scales of moderate 
Size; dorsal and caudal fins dusky brown ; pectoral, ventral and anal fins pale 
orange red; head rounded and blunt; upper jaw the longest, the under jaw 
shutting within it; nostrils pierced on the upper side of the head, rather nearer 
the eye than the upper lip; irides orange; cheeks and operculum silvery 
white; first ray of the dorsal fin arising half-way between the anterior edge of 
the orbit of the eye and the end of the fleshy portion of the tail, the first ray 
short, the second the longest, the last ray double; of the anal fin also, the first 
ray is short, and the last ray double. Bloch says, this fish prefers clear rivers 
and large lakes, in which it deposits its spawn in the months of March and 
VOL. XVII. c 
