208 Dr. Francis Hamiuron’s Commentary 
The younger Burman by some strange error quoted the Mallam Toddali for 
the Rhamnus Napeca (Fl. Ind. 60.); but he also properly quoted it (FI. Ind. 
218.), when he adopted from the Species Plantarum the specific name Celtis 
orientalis. He there quoted Plumier without doubt, but left out the plant of 
Sloane, as he ought to have done with the other, and as has been done by 
M. Lamarck (Enc. Méth. iv. 138.). 
This excellent botanist perceived a resemblance between the Celtis orientalis 
and the Papyrius spurius of Keempfer, which, however, I have not been able 
to trace in the 5th Fasciculus of the Amenitates Exotice ; nor does Thunberg 
quote Keempfer for his Celtis orientalis (Fl. Jap. 114.) : M. Lamarck, indeed, 
quotes him with doubt. This is also done by Willdenow (Sp. Pl. iv. 996.), 
who leaves out the American plants quoted by Linnzeus, and seems to doubt 
of Plukenet's, as he gives it only on the authority of Burman. 
The Mallam Toddali may therefore be considered as the only authority for 
the Celtis orientalis ; but it is doubtful whether the specimens which Will- 
denow possessed belonged to the same plant ; for in the specific character he 
says, “ folia subtus cana,” while Rheede says, “ folia superne atro-viridia, in- 
ferne subviridia." Dr. Roxburgh does not quote the Hortus Malabaricus for 
his Celtis orientalis (Hort. Beng. 21.) ; and the plant called C. orientalis in 
the botanical garden at Calcutta has folia subtus scabra, ad nervos tantum 
majores pilosa. Unless, therefore, several species have'been included under 
the name C. orientalis, we must admit that it is a plant subject to very con- 
siderable variations ; and I have given to the library at the India House spe- 
cimens of five trees, all as varieties of the C. orientalis. Some at least of these 
may prove to be distinct species; but in the mean time I shall here give 
such an imperfect account of them as I was able to collect in travelling ; for I 
had no opportunity of tracing each in all the stages of its growth. "They 
are called Jivani in the Sanscrita, Jibana in the Bengalese, and Tilayi in 
the Hindwi dialects. 
1. CELTIS ORIENTALIS, &. 
Celtis orientalis. Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 995. 
Habitat ad pagos et sylvis Camrupae. 
Folia trinervia, supra scabra, subtus tomento cano, molli pubescentia. 
