212 Dr. Francis Hamiuton’s Commentary 
Commeline observes, has no affinity with it. There are, however, considerable 
resemblances, such as alternate, serrated leaves, with one side wider than the 
other; lateral stipules; small, herbaceous, axillary flowers, and drupaceous 
fruits. Such are the characters of the genus Bori of the Brahmans, of which 
this is the prototype, the name being the same with the Bayer of the Hindwi 
dialect. The European botanists of these old times, such as Ray, often classed 
together plants having less resemblance; but another species of this genus 
Bori has been mentioned in treating of the Nyalel (Hort. Malab. iv. p. 37.), 
which seems to have little affinity with the other two. 
The Perin Toddali is so very nearly allied to the Jujuba or Zizyphus of the 
Levant, that its affinities were recognised, as Commeline remarks, by C. Bau- 
hin, who called it Jujuba Indica, although the native name, Bora, Bor, or Ber, 
was also used by some both of his predecessors and contemporaries, as is more 
fully explained by Plukenet (4/m.199.), who adopts the name given by C. Bau- 
hin. Like the Zizyphus of the Levant, the Indian plant contains two, if not 
more varieties. The first, which grows spontaneously, and in Bengal is used 
for rearing the Lac insect, seems to be the Jujuba Indica spinosa, folio et fructu 
rotundo of Plukenet (Alm. 199.), to which this botanist should have referred 
the Perin Taddali. The second variety is cultivated for its fruit, and seems to 
be that called by Plukenet Jujuba Indica spinosa, folio et fructu longiori (Alm. 
199.). Rumphius justly considered these as varieties, such as occur in plants 
that are much cultivated, and he included both under the name of Malum 
Indicum (Herb. Amb. ii. 117. t. 36.), because the external and esculent part of 
the fruit has a very considerable resemblance in consistence and taste to an 
apple. The names of Plukenet were adopted by the elder Burman (Thes. 
Zeyl. 132.), who gives the two varieties as two species, the plant of Rheede 
being the Nanda of the Ceylonese, although Burman does not quote it, but 
mentions it under another plant, to which, however, he confesses the figure 
of Rheede cannot be reconciled. 
Linnzeus in the Flora Zeylanica (89.), with his usual eagerness for innova- 
tion, united the genus Zizyphus with Rhamnus; but although he mentions 
only the Manda, he'does not quote the Perin Toddali, for what reason I do not 
know, unless it was that Burman had not joined them. "The younger Burman 
(FT. Ind. 60.), adopting from the Species Plantarum the specific name Rhamnus 
