74 DR, O. STAPF ON THE FLORA OF MOUNT KINABALU, 
The place was 5000 ft. above the sea, with a good stream of water close by. The Dusuns 
called it Lobang; here we stayed a week. The rock was large enough to shelter all our 
party, but, being convex vertically, the shelter was not good. In heavy rain the water 
ran down almost to the base of the rock before it dripped off. Facing to the west we 
never saw the sun; shut in by mossy trees we scarcely saw the sky. At daybreak the 
thermometer was 14°C.; daily the mists set in about 11 A.m., and the rain began at 
midday. 
“Many Bornean heights form knife-like ridges, a few feet broad at the top. Along 
these is a track probably kept open by deer, on either side of which grow plants. These 
are almost always in flower and love the sunshine, which can be here felt even through 
the mist. Among these plants are notably Vaccinium, Rhododendron, and sometimes 
Pitcher-plants. A few feet lower the vegetation is completely changed, but nowhere 
have I seen this change more marked than on this ridge above Lobang, which was the 
southern spur of Kinabalu. The sides shelved steeply down, and on them grew the 
sub-summit shrubs with lanky bent and angled stems, densely clothed with long damp 
moss and lichen, and growing from the slope rather than upwards in the struggle for the 
light. Beneath them were no other shrubs or herbs but tangled moss-covered roots. 
Along this zone, which was more than 100 feet in height, we usually found a fallen fruit 
closely resembling a chestnut. Below this zone is common jungle of mixed trees, shrubs, 
and herbs. No bird or squirrel was the same as in the low country, and there were 
no monkeys. -At an altitude of about 6000 feet was a tree, from whose hollow a bear 
had recently removed a nest of bees. On the morning of the 22nd we followed a well- 
marked path which we found led to Temburungo, the place where Mr. Whitehead formed 
his camp at an altitude of 7750 feet. On reaching the top of this ridge we found in 
front of us the Sugut, behind us the valley of the Kadamaian from which we had just 
come; on our left was an upper valley of the Kadamaian above the waterfall, a much 
larger valley than I had expected to find and full of tall jungle-trees. In its lower 
part it was not steep ; above this it stretched suddenly upwards and northwards to the 
southern slopes of the granite cap of Kinabalu. We had to follow the ridge between 
this valley and the Sugut a little way before reaching Temburungo. This was just such 
a swampy spot asin England is loved by Sphagnum, Carices, Heaths, Gentians, Asphodel, 
and Drosera. The Drosera, however, I could not find; the Asphodel had its represen- 
tative ; the Gentian was a dwarf. There was no running water, but pools of it in holes 
. which had been dug by Mr. Whitehead. We had sunshine and splendid views to the south 
and to the west. I followed the ridge further to 8000 feet, when it became obscure. On 
the 26th we went up to Temburungo. Kinabalu had been visible up till noon, and after 
_ that was hidden only by white clouds. Up till now the sun had made the place quite 
warm, but at 3 p.m. the rain began and the temperature rapidly fell to 13^5 C. 
“On the 27th I started for Pakapaka. We kept along the big southern spur of Kina- 
balu, having sources of the Sugut on our right and the upper Kadamaian on our left. 
| The rise is as great as from Lobang to Temburungo ; but it is longer and more gradual. 
We were soon in mist, and, as all the jungle-plants were dripping with moisture, got wet 
ue We reached Pakapaka about midday. The cave was formed by a single 
