DR. O. STAPF ON THE FLORA OF MOUNT KINABALU. 103 
Podocarpus ($ Eu-Podocarpus) bracteata has a very wide distribution, from Malaya 
northwards to the Himalaya and to Japan. De Boer indicates it also from Amboina. 
Its vertical range is also very wide, extending in the Archipelago from the sea-shore 
up to elevations of 8000 to 9000 feet, and to 12000 feet in the variety brevifolia. 
It is very closely allied to some other Malayan species, and in a lesser degree to 
P. elata, R. Br., from East Australia, and to P. affinis, Seem., from the Fiji Islands. 
These species link it more or less to the remainder of the subgenus, which is spread from 
New Caledonia to the South Island of New Zealand, to Tasmania and West Australia, 
from temperate South America to the West Indies, and in a few species from the Cape 
to Abyssinia and the Camaroons. Podocarpus (8 Dacrycarpus) cupressina is one of the 
most characteristic trees of the upper mountain zone of the Malay Archipelago. It 
extends to Mt. Arfak in New Guinea, to the Philippines, and to Upper Burma. There 
are two or three closely allied species in New Caledonia, and one, very common, in New 
Zealand as far as Stewart Island. There is no species of this section known from 
Australia, but a leaf-and-fruit-bearing branch of a fossil specimen, described and figured 
by Baron von Ettingshausen as Podocarpus precupressina from Vegetable Creek in New 
South Wales, seems really to belong to this section. Dacrydium elatum is, beside 
D. Beccarii, which I know but from Parlatore’s description, the only species of 
Dacrydium reported from Malaya. It is represented by a very closely allied, if not 
identical form, in the Fiji Islands, and approaches very much to D. cupressina from 
New Zealand, where the genus numbers 7 species. Four species are endemic in New 
Caledonia, lin the Blue Mountains of Australia, 1 in Tasmania, and 1 in South Chili. 
The other species of Dacrydium found on Kinabalu is still doubtful. Phyllocladus 
hypophylla is a tree or a shrub, extending from Sarawak to Eastern New Guinea, and, 
apparently, common near the ridges and summits of the mountains. Another species is 
found in Tasmania, and a third in New Zealand. The genus seems, however, to have 
extended in the Tertiary period to South-east Australia, as certain fossils described by 
Baron von Ettingshausen evidently belong to it. On the other hand, it should be noted 
that Phyllocladus is the only member of the tribe Taxez, Eich]., which is Austral, all the 
other genera being confined to the northern hemisphere. 
C. FLORA oF THE BoGs AND Rocks. 
The luxuriant forest-vegetation which, with the exception of the granite cap, covers 
the highland of Kinabalu is interrupted in a few places where water collects, thereby— 
probably in combination with certain conditions of the subsoil—favouring the formation 
of bogs, and some rocky precipices whose flora I do not at all know. The principal 
gap, however, is caused by the granite cap itself, which excludes almost all vegetation 
except on the top and on the less precipitous southern side above the main range. 
This scanty vegetation of the granite cap is all we know of the rock flora of 
Kinabalu, and to it my remarks refer exclusively so far as they concern the flora of 
the rocks. These bogs and rocks are almost isolated from the surrounding forest- 
vegetation by the very conditions to which they owe the presence of a flora of their own, 
P2 
