118 - DR. O. STAPF ON THE FLORA OF MOUNT KINABALU. 
east or west of the line of geological separation, provided that this line is a definite 
line. This is evidently not the case. The line along which the old Indo-Malayan 
continent first broke up into an eastern and a western portion was certainly not a geome- 
trical line, nor was it formed simultaneously in all its parts. The breaking-up of the 
continent most probably took place over a broad strip of land along different and 
changing lines, and it was certainly not completed before the lapse of a very long time, 
nor has the region in question since been in a state of undisturbed stability. 
I have purposely stated the facts and drawn the conclusions exclusively from the 
standpoint of the botanist, referring only secondarily to the geology of the area. The 
result is essentially the same to which Warburg came, mainly from the examination 
of the ** Papuasian " flora. He has already pointed out, and I agree perfectly with him, 
that there is nothing in this theory of the evolution of the Indo-Malayan insular flora 
which is in conflict with the zoo-geographical facts as they are known from Wallace’s 
researches and from the more recent publications on the subject, nor do I find anything 
in it which contradicts the results of the geological explorations in the area concerned 
so far as I am acquainted with them. 
IX. TABLES SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES OF EACH OF THE FOUR ZONES. 
(See also p. 93.) 
The geographical divisions adopted in the Tables are :—(1) Boreal Regions: the tem- 
perate regions of the northern hemisphere, with the exception of temperate China and 
Japan. (2) China, Japan: the temperate parts of China and Japan. (3) Indo-China : 
Siam, French Indo-China, and tropical and subtropical China. (4) Himalaya: Tropical 
Himalaya, Assam, Khasia Hills, and south as far as Tenasserim. (5) Ceylon: Ceylon 
and the Western Ghats. (6) West Malaya: Malay Peninsula, and the Malay 
Archipelago to the Macassar line, excluding Borneo. (7) Borneo. (8) The Philippines. 
(9) Austro-Malaya: the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, east of the Macassar line. 
(10) Polynesia (including New Caledonia). (11) Australia (including Tasmania). 
(12) New Zealand. (13) South America. 
The sign + signifies that the same species is common to Kinabalu and the division 
for which the sign is entered, whilst the sign ~ indicates that the species is represented 
by a close congener in the division concerned. 
The names of the species described as new in the present paper are denoted by an 
asterisk. 
