COLLECTED IN DUTCH NEW GUINEA. 7 
. 8000 ft. elevation. The country consisted of steep forest-covered hills. “ The formation 
of the foothills,” says Wollaston (Geogr. Journ., March 1914, p. 252), “is exceedingly 
complex. The ground on which the first depot camp was situated (about 2300 ft.) was 
a light-coloured limestone rock. A few miles to the south-east was a steep ridge, along 
the top of which was an outcrop of pure coral rock ; and a few miles to the north-west 
of it the ridges between the various river-valleys appeared to be made entirely of 
boulders and gravel" The forest in this region was very dense, and the flora was 
typically Malayan. Here occurred the Anonacez, Garcinias, Olacinez, and Icacinew 
(except one species of Gomphandra), Sapindacez, Ampelidex, Eugenia (one only of 
which ascended higher), Barringtonia, Leguminose, Melastomace:x, Gardenia, Ixora, 
Webera, Urophyllum, Nauclea, Maesa, Ardisia, Pisonia, Myristicaceze, Euphorbiace:e, 
Hoya, Aporuellia, Hemigraphis, Coleus, Conocephalus, Laportea, Oberonia, Phaius, 
Calanthe, Acanthephippium, Plocoglottis, Saccolabium, | Cypripediwn, | Curculigo, 
Dioscorea, Burmannia, Gymnosiphon, Forrestia, Susum, all the palms except one or two 
which ascended a little higher, Preycinetia, Aroids, Cyperus, Hypolytra, Thysanolena, 
Leptaspis, Lophatherum, and Centotheca. "Typically Papuan genera were Dictyoneura, 
Antiaropsis, Faradaya, Ridleyella, and Eurycentrum. 
Tapeinosperma (New Caledonia), Bourchardatia, and Chorizandra are typically 
Australian, and Juncus alone represents the Palearctic flora so abundant at higher 
altitudes. 
(3) The Frontal Mountain-belt.—Between Camps VI a and X is situated the frontal 
 mountain-belt; plants were obtained in it up to a height of 6300 ft., but it has summits 
rising another 5000 ft., so that the collections may be taken to represent the lower 
portion of the forested mountain-zone of the frontal range. 
Here the Begonia and Balsam region extended from the slopes above Camp VIII 
to those beyond Camp IX, from 3000 to 6500 ft. The highest cultivated plots 
were seen in this region at 6000 ft., but on the less steep slopes of Mt. Venus, at 
7000 and 8000 ft., cleared ground was seen in the distance. The cultivated plants were 
| plantains, Colocasia, sugar-cane, ginger, and tobacco. Few weeds of cultivation were 
brought back by Mr. Kloss, but one might include as such Ovalis corniculata, Nastur- 
tium indicum, Cardiospermum Halicacabum, Crepis japonica, Dichrocephala, Ocimum, 
Kyllinga, Paspalum, Eleusine, and some other grasses and sedges. | 
Characteristic of this zone were two species of Viola, Drymaria, Hypericum, Evodia, 
Astilbe, Cremnobates (a new genus of Legnotide), Ginanthe, Palmeria, Debregeasia, 2: 
Poephyllum, Erica, Epiblastus (ascending to 8000 ft.), Cælogyne, Teniophyllum, Smilax, | 
Dianella, Pollia, Scirpus chinensis, Imperata, Saccharum, and Ischemum. Data, 
usually a sea-shore or often sandy-country plant, was met with here, and rattans 
ceased at 4000 ft. elevation. Here it might be noticed that the Mal: ayan element 
had much diminished and a considerable admixture of Palsaretic forms commenced 
digne, 
to appear, viz., Hypericum, Gnanthe, Galium, ae Vole, tiep a, Mai... a 
