Par? 2, 1913] DICRANACEAE 83 
100 pw wide at the base and 450 » high, dark-red, striate, prominently articulate, divided one 
third or more down into 2 or 3 densely papillose forks, the basal membrane of 3 or 4 rows of 
dark-red narrow cells extending above the mouth of capsule: spores papillose, up to 22 » in 
diameter. 
TYPE LocaLity: Europe. 
DISTRIBUTION: New Brunswick and Ontario to New Hampshire; British Columbia; Washington 
(Cascade Mountains, the only specimens in fruit from America); also in Europe and Asia. 
InLustRations: Dill. Hist. Musc. 1. 46, f. 24; B.S.G. Bryol. Eur. pl. 17. 
Scan Lesq. Musci Bor. Am. 162; ed. 2. 245 (as “‘ Meesia longiseta var.?””); Macoun, 
f 
4, Dicranella rubra (Huds.) Kindb. Eur. & N. Am. Gy | 
Bryin. 208. 1897. “=e 
Bryum rubrum Huds. Fi. Angl. 413. 1762. 
Bryum simplex L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1587. 1763. 
Dicranum varium Hedw. Descr. 2.93. 1789. 
Bryum callistomum Dicks. Pl. Crypt. Brit. 3:5. 1793. 
Dicranella varia Schimp. Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 13. 1855. 
Anisothecium rubrum Lindb. Utkast 33. 1878. 
Dicranella Langloisii Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz. 15:39. 1890. 
Dicranella Howei Ren. & Card. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4:15. 1896. 
Dicranella chrysea C. Mill. Hedwigia 37: 230. 1898. 
Plants mostly dull-green or sometimes light-green, in loose mats, with branching stems about 
1 cm., rarely up to 2.5 cm. high: stem-leaves about 1 mm. long, erect-spreading or usually 
somewhat curved-secund, from a lanceolate base gradually narrowed to a grooved point with 
entire, recurved or sometimes nearly flat borders of a double thickness of cells above and a 
slightly denticulate, narrowly obtuse or acute apex; costa about 45 » wide at the base and 
one fifth of the width of the leaf-base, vanishing slightly below the apex or percurrent; leaf- 
cells rectangular, the lower ones about 8 « wide and 2-3 times as long, the upper 4 » wide and 
up to ten times as long; perichaetial leaves up to 2 mm. long, from a clasping, ovate base some- 
what abruptly or gradually narrowed to a slender, lanceolate, nearly erect point about one and 
one half times as long with a denticulate, acute apex, the two or three inner leaves much shorter 
with a short point: seta erect or flexuous, reddish, up to 10 mm. long: capsule short-oval, up 
to 1 mm. long without lid, erect or usually nodding and slightly curved, when dry and empty 
much contracted under the broad mouth, not ribbed or strumose, without annulus and with a 
stout short-rostrate lid; exothecal cells near the mouth not elongate, those below 20 » wide 
and from scarcely longer up to about twice as long as wide with usually somewhat thickened, 
not sinuous walls; peristome-teeth red, striate, about 60 « wide at the base and 350 w high, 
divided one half down or farther into two slender, papillose forks, with a basal membrane 
projecting well above the mouth: spores papillose, up to 18 4 in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: England. 
DISTRIBUTION: New Brunswick to Alaska, and southward to Mexico, Florida, and Cubd also 
in Europe, Asia, and Africa. ee 
a Dill. Hist. Musc. pl. 50, f. 59; Hedw. Descr. 2: pl. 34; B.S.G. Bryol. Eur. 
1. 57, 58. 
sf Exsice.: Drummond, So. Mosses 50; Sull. Musci Allegh. 164; Sull. & Lesq. Musci Bor. Am. 47, 
164; ed. 2. 63; Sull. Musci Cub. Wright. 37; Aust. Musci App. 78; Macoun, Can. Musci 26; Holz. 
Musci Acroc. Bor. Am. 151. : 
The specimens called D. Langloisii from Louisiana are a pale form of the species that some- 
times occurs also in the North. D.Howei and D. chrysea, which are much alike, at first sight appear 
quite distinct from typical D. rubra in having more slender leaves, narrower cells and flatter leaf- 
margin, but they vary from the typical form about as does D. rubra tenuifolia of Europe. The 
leaf-margin in the upper, narrower part of the leaf is of a double thickness of cells, below of only 
one thickness, in all the specimens. 
- 
5. Dicranella rufescens (Dicks.) Schimp. Coroll. Bryol. 
Eur. 13. 1855. 
Bryum rufescens Dicks. Pl. Crypt. Brit. 3:6. 1793. 
Dicranum rufescens Smith, Engl. Bot. pl. 1216. 1803. 
Anisothecium rufescens Lindb. Utkast 33. 1878. 
Plants in broad, loose mats, sometimes gregarious, of a brown color more or less tinged 
with red; stems slender, mostly simple, up to 15 mm. high, with rather distant, spreading 
lower leaves, more crowded and sometimes slightly secund above; lower stem-leaves shorter, the 
