102 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VorumeE 15 
the papillose apex, 70 » wide at the base, the inner articulations 20-30 u apart: spores rough, 
up to 20 » in diameter. 
TYPE LocaLity: Lapland. 
_DistRisution: Greenland to Alaska and south to Gaspé County, Quebec, Minnesota, and 
California; also in Europe and Asia. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: B.S.G. Bryol. Eur. pl. 48; Hedw. Descr. 3: pl. 32. 
Exsice.: Drummond, Musci Am. (as Dicranum microcarpum) 105 in part, 106; Sull. & Lesq. 
Musci Bor. Am. ed. 2. 59; Macoun, Can. Musci, 22, 26, 28, 488; Holz. Musci Acroc. Bor. Am. 127, 
9. Oncophorus Wahlenbergii Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 400. 1826. 
Dicranum Richardsoni Hook. in Drummond, Musci Am. 104. 1828. 
Dicranum microcarpum Hook. in Drummond, Musci Am. 105. 1828. 
Dicranum virens Wahlenbergit Huebener, Musc. Germ. 231, 1833. 
Cynodontium virens Wahlenbergii Schimp. Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 12. 1855. 
Cynodontium Wahlenbergii Hartm. f. in Hartm. Skand. Fl. ed. 10.2: 113. 1871. 
Dicranum Demetrii Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz. 22:48. 1896. 
Autoicous: one or more male flowers sessile at short intervals below the perichaetium, of 
several usually pale, acute, or the inner obtuse, ecostate, nearly entire leaves enclosing 5 or 6 
antheridia with few paraphyses: plants in rather compact yellowish-green tufts, reddish- 
tomentose within and 1-2 em., rarely up to 5 cm., high: stem-leaves up to 5 mm. long, from a 
short, more or less obovate, erect base abruptly narrowed into a slender, grooved point, crispate 
when dry, the borders flat or somewhat recurved, more or less serrulate about one half down, 
or rarely entire and of mostly one layer of cells; costa excurrent, somewhat serrulate on the 
back above, at the base about one fifth the width of the leaf, in cross-section near the middle 
showing 5 or 6 guide-cells, the stereid-bands above and below often not very well defined, with 
outer cells somewhat differentiated; upper cells of the blade smooth on both sides, irregular, 
angular, mostly slightly elongate, the median ones about 8» wide, the lower ones long and 
narrow, those toward the costa sometimes with slightly thickened, pitted walls, the alar cells 
not distinct or rarely forming a small, quite distinct cluster; inner perichaetial leaves about 
as long as the upper stem-leaves, clasping about one third up, abruptly narrowed to a slender, 
rough point: seta yellowish or sometimes red, erect, up to 2.5 cm. long: capsule short, curved, 
often horizontal, with prominent struma and smooth or finally somewhat furrowed; annulus 
wanting; lid not quite entire at the base, with an oblique beak about one half as long as the 
capsule; peristome-teeth dark-reddish, divided about two fifths down and vertically striate 
almost to the slightly papillose apex, the inner articulations distinct and about 20 » apart: 
spores minutely roughened, up to 16 » in diameter. 
TYPE LOcALIty: Lapland. 
DistrisutTion: Greenland and Alaska to Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Wyoming; also in Europe 
and Asia. 
Exsice.: Drummond, Musci Am. 104, 105 in part; Macoun, Can. Musci 23, 31 (as D. felcatum), 
32 (as D. Blyttit); Ren. & Card. Musci Am. Sept. Exs. 270. 
6. SYMBLEPHARIS Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 8: 252. 1837. 
Autoicous or digicous. Plants mostly of medium size, growing in more or less extensive — 
cushions mostly on wood; stems with a central strand, usually with few and distant branches and 
from sparsely radiculose to tomentose below. Leaves with a clasping base widening upward, 
then abruptly spreading into a narrowly lanceolate, grooved point, entire or denticulate at the 
apex and crispate when.dry; costa percurrent or slightly excurrent, in cross-section showing a 
median row of guide-cells with large stereid-bands ahove and below and outer cells differentiated 
on the upper side or sometimes on both sides; cells of the blade above either smooth or papillose, 
short-rectangular or nearly square, in the basal part mostly rectangular, very pale-brown, 
smooth, without differentiated alar cells. Seta erect or curved, solitary or sometimes 3 or 4 
in the same perichaetium. Capsule nearly or quite erect, regular, oval to cylindric, smooth; 
‘peristome inserted below the mouth, the teeth sometimes in pairs, from undivided to divided 
three fourths down or more, either vertically striate or papillose on the outer face. Spores 
papillose. Calyptra entire at the base. 
Type species, Symblepharis helicophylia Mont. 
Leaf-cells distinct, not papillose. 1. S. helicophylla. 
Leaf-cells rather indistinct, the upper ones finely papillose on both sides. 2. S. Schimperiana. 
