118 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VorumE 15 
7. Dicranum Starkii Weber & Mohr, Bot. Tasch. 189, 471. 1807. 
‘Autoicous: male flower at the base of the perichaetium, with sometimes a second flower 
a little below: plants in often extensive mats of a pale-green color, without radicles above 
and with more or less branching stems up to 6 cm. high: leaves mostly spreading falcate-secund; 
stem-leaves 3.5-4.5 mm. long, from a broadly ovate-lanceolate base gradually narrowed to a 
more or less rough serrulate point; costa excurrent, 40-70 u wide at the base; leaf-cells above 
about 6 u wide by 12-25 u long, below long and narrow toward the costa with often slightly 
pitted walls, the alar ones brown, square or inflated, forming a distinct group with the cells 
just above short; inner perichaetial leaves 4.5-5.5 mm. long, from a higher clasping base a little 
more abruptly narrowed to a point about as long as the base with cells more lax, sometimes 
more distinctly pitted than in the stem-leaves: seta reddish, 10-15 mm. long: capsule up to 
2 mim. long, oblong, nodding, curved, strumose, when ripe and empty furrowed and contracted 
under the oblique mouth; exothecal cells mostly irregular, elongate with rather thin walls; 
lid conic, obliquely rostrate; annulus broad, of three rows of cells; peristome from a low mem- 
brane, with teeth about 60 » wide at base, divided one half to three fourths down into two 
forks, the joints of the inner plates distinct and 15-30 4 apart: calyptra rough above: spores 
nearly smooth, up to 16 » in diameter. : : 
TYPE LOCALITY: Silesia. 
DistTRIBUTION: Mountains of New England; Montana to Washington and northward to Alaska; 
also in Europe and Asia. 
ILLUSTRATION: B.S.G. Bryol. Eur. ol. 64. 
a The eastern plants under this name do not seem to be typical. I incline to believe with Boulay 
at the species is rather only a better developed form of the preceding (D. Schisti); in examining 
a number of plants the position of the male flower is found to be somewhat variable, while the dif- 
ferences in the capsule are such as may occur in the same tuft. 
8. Dicranum arcticum Schimp. Musci Eur. Novi (3-4:) 
Dicranum 3. 1866. 
Dicranum Starkii molle Wilson, Bryol. Brit. 74. 1855. 
Dicranum moille Wilson (Bryol. Brit. 75, as synonym. 1855); Lindb. Musci Scand. 24. 1879. 
Autoicous: plants in extensive, deep tufts, usually dark-brown within and olive-green 
atthe surface; stems without radicles, 6-15 cm. high, mostly simple and erect with leaves straight 
and spreading, or sometimes curved-secund toward the apex: stem-leaves 5-7 mm. long, 
subtubulose, from an ovate-lanceolate base gradually narrowed to a subulate point with the 
leaf-margins entire to distantly crenulate from near the base to the apex; costa excurrent, at 
the base 40-60 u wide, about one tenth the width of the leaf-base, in cross-section showing all 
the cells with walls of uniform thickness but the median row of 4-7 rather larger cells; ieaf- 
cells, except the alar, linear throughout, with thickened walls more or less pitted in the lower 
ones, the median about 6 » wide by 40-60 u long; alar cells forming a nearly square, reddish- 
brown, sometimes inflated and auriculate group; inner perichaetial leaves rather shorter than 
the stem-leaves with leaf-cells broader, costa narrower and leaf above abruptly narrowed to a 
nearly smooth point scarcely as long as the broadly ovate base: seta brownish, 15 mm., rarely 
25 mm. Jong: capsule 2 mm. long, nodding, curved, mostly distinctly strumose and ribbed when 
dry; exothecal cells irregularly elongate with unequally thickened walls; stomata at the base 
of the capstile in mostly one row; peristome-teeth 50-60 » wide at the base, the outer plates 
8-12 » high, vertically striate, the inner plates, one fourth up, 25-30 u high, papillose; annulus 
of about 3 rows of cells; lid obliquely rostrate: calyptra nearly smooth at the apex: spores 
roug , 16 in diameter. 
Type Locality: Norway. 
Distripurion: Greenland, Labrador, and the Yukon region; also in Europe and Asia. 
ILLUSTRATION: Schimp. Musci Eur. Novi (3-4:) Dicranum 91. 3. 
9, Dicranum fulvum Hook. Musci Exot. p/. 279. 1820. 
Dicranum interruptum B.S. G. Bryol. Eur. (37-40:) Dicranum 30, 1847. 
Campylopus viridis Sull. & Lesq. Musci Bor: Am. 72, 1856. 
Dicranum viride Lindb. Hedwigia2: 70. 1863. 
, Dicranum subfuloum Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz. 22:49. 1896. . 
| Dicranum subsubulifolium Kindb. Rev. Bryol. 37: 13. 1990. 
