PaRT 2, 1913] DICRANACEAE 119 
Dioicous: male plants more slender than the fertile and mingled with them, bearing a 
number of rather large, scattered flowers, each with 10-12 antheridia about 0.4 mm. high 
and rather numerous paraphyses: fertile plants in greenish or yellowish-brown, often extensive 
mats, with tomentose stems up to 5 em. high: stem-leaves 5-6 mm. long, spreading-flexuous 
all round, more or less crispate, or falcate-secund, long-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a 
grooved point, often broken, mostly slightly serrulate toward the apex and smoothish to 
papillose on the back, the narrow blade above of a double thickness of cells; costa one third to 
one fourth the width of the leaf below, excurrent, often slightly serrulate on the back above, 
in cross-section below showing 14-20 guide-cells with stereid-bands above and below more or 
less interrupted by larger cells; alar cells brown to hyaline, extending to the costa, more or 
Jess auriculate; lower leaf-cells from elongate-rectangular to nearly square, with slightly 
thickened not pitted walls or rarely slightly pitted just above the alar cells near the costa; 
upper leaf-cells mostly square, sometimes short-rectangular with walls not pitted; inner peri- 
chaetial leaves with a convolute base 3-4 mm. high, abruptly or truncately narrowed with a 
sinuate or dentate margin to a slender subula, smooth or serrulate above and nearly as long 
as the basal part: seta solitary, yellow or finally turning reddish, up to 1.5 cm. high: capsule 
erect, cylindric, up to 3 mm.-long, scarcely or not furrowed when dry; exothecal cells 
except near the mouth mostly elongate, very irregular, with slightly sinuous, unequally thick- 
ened walls; annulus of mostly 2 rows of cells; peristome-teeth reddish-brown, divided about one 
half down or often perforate below and the forks united above, the outer plates vertically or 
obliquely striate, sometimes nearly smooth; lid conic-subulate, about two thirds the length 
of the capsule: spores rough, up to 25’ in diameter. 
‘TYPE LocALIty: Nova Scotia. : 
A DISTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia to Georgia and westward to Minnesota and Missouri; also in Europe 
and Asia. 
ILLusTRATIONS: Hook. Musci Exot. pl. 149; Sull. Ic. Muse. pl. 18. 
Exsicc.: Sull. & Lesq. Musci Bor, Am. 57, 72; ed. 2. 73, 91; Sull. Musci Allegh. 159; Macoun, 
Can: Musci 37. 
Examination of the type collection of D. viride, Musci Bor. Am. 72, shows leaves often quite as 
rough above as in D. fuluum. Limpricht says D. viride has leaves smooth on the back, by which 
character he separates it from D. fuluum, but European specimens called D. viride (Rab. Bryol. Eur. 
1110) show some leaves sharply serrate-papillose on the back nearly one half down, this distinction 
, certainly being of little value. Nor can any good difference be found in the width of the costa or 
" in character of fruit that I have been able to discover. Specimens of D. subsubulifolium have not 
been seen, but every character in the description would place it under D. fulvum.,~ : 
10. Dicranum flagellare Hedw. Descr. 3: 1. 1791. 
” Dicranum miquelonense Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz. 14:93. 1889. 
Dicranum miquelonense crispatulum Roll, Hedwigia 36:42. 1897. 
Dicranum crispatulum Kindb. Eur. & N. Am. Bryin. 189. 1897. 
Dioicous: fertile plants in compact, dark-green to pale yellowish-green tufts, with more 
or less abundant, deciduous, flagellate branches from the axils of the upper leaves, bearing 
minute, appressed, scale-like leaves: stem-leaves variable, 3-4 mm. long, usually curved and 
somewhat spreading all round or sometimes crispate or falcate-secund, lanceolate, subtubulose 
above, slightly serrulate on the margin and more or less rough on the back in the upper part, 
with a broadly acute or slightly obtuse apex; costa not quite percurrent, just above the 
broadened base about one fourth the width of the leaf-blade, in cross-section below showing 6-8 
guide-cells with about 2 rows of smaller cells above and below scarcely or not forming stereid- 
bands; alar cells usually brownish, scarcely extending to the costa, the cells above all with 
uniformly slightly thickened, not pitted walls; lower leaf-cells rectangular, 2-8 times as long 
as wide, the upper ones shorter, from square to 2-3 times as long as wide; inner perichaetial 
leaves about the length of the stem-leaves, costate, from a convolute base abruptly, often 
truncately or retusely, narrowed to a smooth point about one third the broader part in length, 
the margin just below the base of the point crenulate or denticulate: seta finally reddish, about 
1.5 cm. long: capsule cylindric, erect, straight or nearly so, up to 3 mm. long, slightly ribbed 
when dry; annulus of two rows of cells; lid with its beak nearly two thirds as long as the capsule; 
peristome-teeth divided more than three fourths down, red and vertically striate one half up, 
the very slender forks pale and papillose above: spores slightly rough, about 16 u in diameter. 
Tyre Locatiry: Germany. . : . 
DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland to British Columbia, Montana, and South Carolina; also in 
Europe and Asia. 
