78 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 16 
22. Cyathea Imrayana Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 18. 1844. 
Caudex stout, erect, paleaceous at the summit; stipe short, slightly aculeate, very 
densely and closely dark rusty-furfuraceous, paleaceous at base; lamina ample, 2-3 meters 
long, 1.2-1.3 meters broad, ovate, very abruptly acuminate, tripinnate, coriaceous, very 
dark-green above, light yellowish-green and glaucous below; primary and secondary 
rachises very stout, brownish to purplish beneath a dense harsh persistent conspicuous cov- 
ering of small rusty-brown squamules and small linear scales; pinnae60cm. or more long, 
18-20 cm. broad, sessile or nearly so, linear-oblong, abruptly acuminate, the apex deeply 
serrate; pinnules about 35 pairs, approximate or contiguous, sessile, spreading, 10-11 cm. 
long, about 1.8 cm. broad, fully pinnate, the apex long-acuminate, the costae densely fur- 
furaceous and in the lower half clothed with small linear light-brownish striped scales ; 
segments about 25-28 pairs, linear-oblong, falcate, close, fully adnate, 9-10 mm. long, 3 
mm. or less wide, the margins reflexed, subentire, faintly crenate at the obtuse apex, the 
costules below densely rusty-furfuraceous, obscurely rusty-pilose; veins close, distinct, 
about 12-15 pairs, once-forked at the base; sori 1 to several pairs, close to the costule, 
usually extending half the length of the segment; indusia globose, reddish-brown, fragile, 
membranous, rupturing irregularly ; receptacle globose, dark, closely puberulo-furfuraceous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Couliaban Mountain, Dominica. 
DISTRIBUTION : Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Martinique. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. Sp. Fil. p/. 92. 
23. Cyathea princeps (Linden) E. Mayer, Gartenflora 17: 10. 1868. 
Cibotium princeps Linden ; E. Mayer, Gartenflora 17: 10, assynonym. 1868. 
Cyathea Bourgaet Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 135. 1872. 
Cyathea Munchii Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II.'7: 413. 1907. 
Caudex stout, erect, said to attain a height of nearly 20 meters; fronds 4 meters or 
more long, in a large crown ; stipe 1-1.5 meters long, together with the yellowish primary 
and secondary rachises densely clothed with stramineous or yellowish narrow membranous 
spinescent spreading or retrorse scales, unarmed but coarsely muricate from the tuberculate 
bases of the deciduous scales; lamina ovate, acuminate, 2-2.5 meters long, tripinnate ; 
pinnae numerous, close, up to 1 meter long, 25-35 cm. broad, long-stalked, oblong-lanceo- 
late, acuminate; pinnules very numerous, approximate or slightly spaced, 13-18 cm. long, 
1.7-3 cm. broad, linear-oblong, long-acuminate or attenuate, incised nearly throughout 
quite to the costa, the costa sparingly clothed below with simple spinescent or generally 
deeply cleft yellowish or reddish membranous deciduous scales, above appressed-hirsute ; 
segments 25-32 pairs, narrowly oblong, falcate, usually dilatate at the base, somewhat 
spaced, glaucous and granulose below, subentire, obtuse, usually appearing acutish from 
the slightly revolute margins, the costules with a few deciduous simple or deeply cleft fila- 
mentous light-castaneous or reddish scales ; veins 10-12 pairs, a little elevated, mostly once- 
forked below the middle, rarely 2- or 3-forked ; sori large, 6-9 pairs, seated at the forking 
of the veins; indusia coriaceous, reddish-yellow, rupturing part way to the base into a 
few (2-4) persistent saccate lobes, these appearing like valves; receptacles prominent, 
setiferous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: On the volcano Tuxetla, Vera Cruz. 
DISTRIBUTION : Provinces of Vera Cruz and Chiapas, Mexico; Guatemala (Alta Verapaz); and, 
according to Sell, in Costa Rica, the last very doubtful. 
24. Cyathea insignis D. C. Eaton, Mem. Am. 
Acad. II. 8: 216. 1860. 
Caudex stout, 5-6 meters high, 10-15 cm. in diameter, unarmed, densely clothed at the 
summit with linear spinulose-ciliate cinnamon-brown matted scales; fronds wide-spreading ; 
stipe 30-60 cm. long, stout, strongly curved, unarmed but eventually scabrous from the 
very dense covering of spreading or retrorse scales like those of the caudex, naked with age, 
toward the base reddish-brown, above mottled reddish and yellowish; lamina 2-2.5 meters 
long, 1-1.25 meters broad, very deeply tripinnatifid, subcoriaceous, dark-green above, paler 
and decidedly glaucous below ; primary rachis similar to the upper stipe, moderately palea- 
