6 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA | VoLuME 17 
Leaves usually 5-10 mm. wide ; leaves and bracts conspicu- 
ously scarious-margined ; heads 1.7~-2 cm. in diameter ; 
achenes more gradually beaked. 11. S. multipedunculatum. 
Leaves 3-4 mm. wide; leaves and bracts not conspicu- 
ously scarious-margined ; heads about 1.5 cm. in diame- 
ter; achenes abruptly beaked. 12. S. angustifolium. 
* Beaks gladiate- curved; stigmas short, oblong. 13. S. fluctuans. 
b. Stipes and beaks short or none, always less than 1 mm. long; fruit- — 
ing heads about 1 cm. in diameter ; stigmas oblong ; anthers 1.5-2 
times as long as broad. 
Heads all sessile or the lowest short-pedicelled, axillary; the 
staminate head distant from the pistillate ones; leaves dark- 
green ; achenes short-beaked. 14, S. minimum, 
Lower pistillate heads distinctly pedicelled and supra-axillary ; the 
staminate head close to the upper pistillate one, or merging 
with it; leaves light-green. 
Achenes beaked ; constriction below the middle of the body of 
the achene. 15. S. Williamsiz. 
Achenes beakless ; constriction at the middle of the body of 
the achenes. 16. S. hyperboreum. 
1. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm.; A. Gray, Man. 
ed. 2. 430. 1856. 
Sparganium ramosum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 33. 1814. Not S. ramosum Huds. 1778. 
Sparganium ereclum Wood, Class Book ed 2. 523. 1847. NotS. erecium L. 1753. 
Sparganium americanum Meinsh. Mél. Biol. Acad. St. Petersb. 13: 386. 1893. Not S. ameri- 
canum Nutt. 1818. 
Perennial, with a creeping rootstock and numerous roots at the base of the stem; stem 
erect, 5-15 dm. high, stout; leaf-blades somewhat keeled beneath, almost flat, dark-green, 
5-10 dm. long, 7-10 mm. wide; bracts similar but shorter, very slightly if at all dilated and 
with very narrow scarious margins at the base; peduncles branched below, the lower 
branches with 1 or 2 pistillate and 2-6 staminate heads, the main axis often with 6-10 stam- 
inate heads; pistillate heads in fruit 2-2.5 cm. in diameter; achenes sessile, their bodies 
cuneate-obpyramidal, 3~5-angled, 6-8 mm. long and nearly as broad, truncate or depressed 
at the summit; beak about 3 mm. long; stigmas often 2, filiform, about 2 mm. long; sepals 
long-clawed, nearly as long as the body of the fruit, their blades cuneate-flabelliform, trun~ 
cate, erose; anthers elliptic-clavate, about 1 mm. long and one fourth as thick. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. 
DISTRIBUTION: Borders of water, from Newfoundland to Florida, California, and British 
Columbia. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bull. Torrey Club 15: p/. 79, f. 2, Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 238; Engler, 
Pflanzenreich 40: f. 3 A. 
2. Sparganium Greenei Morong, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 77. 1888. 
Sparganium eurycarpum Greenei Graebner, in Engler, Pflanzenreich #0: 13. 1900. 
Perennial, with a creeping rootstock, and numerous roots at the base of the stem ; stem 
6-15 dm. high, stout; leaf-blades 3-15 dm. long, keeled, rather soft, 8-12 mm. wide; lower 
bracts similar but shorter, neither dilated nor scarious-margined ; the upper short and broad ; 
inflorescence branched; lower branches erect, with usually 2 pistillate and 6-10 staminate 
heads, the main rachis often bearing 10-17 staminate heads; fruiting heads 2~2.5 cm. in 
daimeter; sepals clawed ; blades cuneate or rhombic, decidedly broader than the narrow 
claw; achenes sessile, brown, shining, their bodies obovoid with a rounded summit, 
7-9 mm. long, about 5 mm. thick, 3-5-angled ; beak about 2 mm. long; stigmas filiform, 
about 1 mm. long, solitary or in about one third of the pistils 2; anthers oblong, fully 1 
mm. long and one fourth as thick. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Olima, Marine County, California. 
DISTRIBUTION : In water, Lower California to De pa Island. 
ILLUSTRATION: Bull. Torrey Club 15: pl. 79, f. 2 
3. Sparganium californicum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 11. 1884. 
Perennial, with a rootstock; stem stout, angled, 1-3 m. high; leaf-blades often 2 m. 
long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, dark-green, of a softer texture than in S. eurycarpum, keeled 
beneath; peduncle with erect branches; lower branches with 1 or 2 pistillate and 6-12 
