134 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VorumE 17 
Tribe 3. ZOYSIEAE. Annual or perennial grasses, with a spicate or 
spikelike usually terminal inflorescence, the rachis continuous, the spikes 
rarely arranged in fascicles in the leaf-axils. Spikelets articulated below the 
empty scales, solitary, or sometimes with the separating internodes so short 
that the spikelets form clusters of 3 or 4, the empty scales in this case forming 
a false involucre to the group, and either all free or united, or forming two 
groups of 3 each, perfect or unisexual, rarely sterile, 1-flowered, or the stami- 
nate sometimes 2-flowered, rarely 3- or 4-flowered. Scales of the spikelet 3 or 
4, rarely 2, or occasionally 5 or 6in the staminate spikelets, the lower 1 or 2 
scales empty, herbaceous. chartaceous, or coriaceous, often much indurated at 
the base, awned or awnless, the first sometimes small or wanting, or often 
equaling the second, which is sometimes armed with hooked spines ; flowering 
scales membranous, awnless, the third scale in the 4-scaled spikelets without a 
flower, or flower-bearing in the staminate spikelets. 
Spikelets with the separating internodes very short, in clusters of 3 or 4, the empty scales forming 
_ a false involucre to the group. 
-Involucre formed of the large indurated second empty scales which are 
_ united at the base ; spikelets perfect. 30. ANTHEPHORA. 
AInvolucre formed of all the empty scales; spikelets of 2 kinds, thejcen- 
tral differing from the lateral in sex. 
Involucre with the 3 empty scales on each side united at the base; 
plants with runners, the internodes arched. 31. HILARIA. 
Involucre with the empty scales free; plants with stout branching 
rootstocks, 32, PLEURAPHIS. 
Spikelets never in involucrate groups. 
Spikelets perfect; empty scales 1 or 2. 
Second empty scale (sometimes appearing to be the first by the abor- 
tion of the first scale) with rows of hooked spines on the back. 34. Nazia. 
Spikelets without hooked spines. 
Empty scales 2, at least in the perfect spikelets. 
Spikelets in 2’sor 3’s,the terminal one fertile; scales usually 
-awned, 33. AEGOPOGON. 
Spikelets single ; scales awnless. 35. LEPTOTHRIUM. 
Empty scale 1, with 3-5 awns. 36. SCHAFFNERELLA. 
Spikelets unisexual, the plants dioecious; empty scales 3. 37. FOURNIERA. 
30. ANTHEPHORA Schreb. Beschr. Gras. 2: 105. 1810. 
Tufted, sometimes branched, grasses, with usually flat leaf-blades, and terminal elongate 
cylindric spikes, the spikelets borne in deciduous clusters upon a strongly flexuous rachis and 
appressed ‘closely to its curves. Spikelets 3 or 4 in each cluster, 1-flowered, the first empty 
scales indurated and forming a sort of false involucre to the cluster; empty scales large, rigid, 
acute or sometimes produced into short awns; remaining scales much thinner, the innermost 
one enclosing a palet of similar texture and a perfect flower. Stamens 3. Styles shortly 
united at the base. Stigmas plumose. 
Type species, Tripsacum hermaphroditum L. 
1. Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 759. 1891. 
Tripsacum hermaphrodiium I,. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1261. 1759. 
Anthephora elegans Schreb. Beschr. Grés. 2: 105. 1810. 
Anthephora villosa Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 3: 14. 1822. 
‘Cenchrus laevigatus Trin. Gram. Pan. 74. 1826. 
Annual. Stems up to 1 m. tall, often rooting and branching at the lower nodes; leaves 
glabrous or hirsute; blades up to 2 dm. long and 1 cm. wide, flat; spikes up to 12 em. long, 
rarely interrupted below, often long-exserted; spikelet-clusters, including the stipe at the 
base, 5-7 mm. long, the first scales broadly ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, glabrous 
‘or hispidulous. 
TYPE LOCALITY : Jamaica. 
DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas and tropical America, 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Schreb. Beschr. Gras. 2: pl. 44; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: f. 15; Field 
‘Columb. Mus. Publ. Bot. 3: 23,7. 
