Order CHENOPODIALES* 
By Pav, CARPENTER STANDLEY 
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes with scandent stems, or the stems 
composed of short fleshy joints, with green or highly colored foliage. Leaves 
alternate or opposite, rarely verticillate, stipulate or estipulate, scattered or 
crowded, sometimes all basal, often succulent and fleshy, the blades broad and 
flat or terete, rarely reduced to scales, frequently asymmetric, simple or 
pinnatifid, entire or toothed. Flowers regular or nearly so, perfect or uni- 
sexual and monoecious or dioecious, often much reduced, variously arranged, 
rarely in axillary cones or sunken in depressions in the stems, often bracteate, 
the bracts occasionally united to form a calyx-like involucre. Calyx usually 
present, membranous, hyaline, scarious, coriaceous, or herbaceous, some- 
times brightly colored and corolla-like, composed of 1 to numerous, distinct 
or united, valvate or imbricate segments, these often persistent and accrescent 
or variously modified in fruit. Corolla present or wanting, small and incon- 
spicuous or large and showy, the segments distinct, imbricate, sometimes 
unguiculate, entire or toothed or lobed. Androecium of 1 to many stamens, 
these usually as many as the calyx-segments and opposite or alternate with 
them, hypogynous or perigynous, the filaments distinct or united, equal or 
unequal, often with intervening or adjacent staminodia or pseudostaminodia, 
or the outer filaments sometimes modified to petal-like pseudostaminodia; 
anthers introrse, 2-4-celled, opening by longitudinal valves. Gynoecium of a 
single carpel or of few or numerous united carpels; ovary 1- to many-celled, 
sometimes 1-celled by suppression, superior or rarely inferior, sessile or stipi- 
tate; styles distinct or united; stigmas various, slender and elongate or stout 
and short, often capitate, rarely dissected. Ovules 1 to many, anatropous, 
amphitropous, or campylotropous. Fruit a utricle, achene, berry, capsule, 
or anthocarp, or aggregate, rarely nutlike, indehiscent, irregularly dehiscent, 
or circumscissile, or opening by apical or longitudinal valves. Seeds some- 
times arillate; embryo curved, annular, or spirally coiled, rarely straight; 
endosperm usually present, mealy or fleshy. 
Fruit a utricle, achene, or berry, sometimes an anthocarp, inde- 
hiscent or circumscissile, never a horned nut; corolla none. 
Fruit a utricle or an anthocarp. 
Stipules none; stamens not inserted on a hypanthium. 
Fruit a utricle; perianth never corolla-like. 
Bracts herbaceous or none; filaments usually free. Fam. 1. CHENOPODIACEAE. 
Bracts dry, never herbaceous; filaments united, at 
least at the base. Fam. 2. AMARANTHACEAE. 
Fruit an anthocarp, the achene surrounded by the 
adnate persistent base of the perianth; perianth 
usually corolla-like. . Fam, 3. ALLIONIACEAE. 
Stipules present, or, if wanting, the stamens inserted on the 
margin of a hypanthium. Fam. 9. COoRRIGIOLACEAE. 
* Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 
VoLiumeE 21, Part 1, 1916] 1 
