Part 2, 1917] AMARANTHACEAE 111 
circumscissile at the middle; seed rotund, 1-1.2 mm. in diameter, usually yellowish-white and 
dull, sometimes red or nearly black and lustrous. 
TYPE Locality: Described from cultivated plants. 
DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico to Guatemala; adventive in Arizona and New Mexico, and 
sometimes escaped from cultivation in the eastern United States; also in tropical South America, 
Asia, and Africa. 
TLLUSTRATIONS: E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: f. 56; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 1045; Reichenb. Ic. F1. 
Germ. 24: gl. 297, f. 1; Hegi, Ill. Fl. f. 559, a-e. 
22. Amaranthus cruentus L. Syst. Veg. ed. 10. 1269. 1759. 
Amaranthus paniculatus L,. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1406. 1763. 
Amaranthus flavus I. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1406. 1763. 
Amaranthus sanguineus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1407. 1763. 
Amaranthus parisiensis Schkuhr, Handb. 3: 249. 1808. 
Amaranthus speciosus Sims, Bot. Mag. $l. 2227. 1821. 
Amaranthus paniculatus purpurascens Mog. in DC. Prodr. 13*: 257. 1849. 
Amaranthus paniculatus cruentus Moq. in DC. Prodr. 132: 257. 1849. 
Amaranthus paniculatus sanguineus Moq. in DC. Prodr. 132: 257. 1849. 
Amaranthus hybridus paniculatus Uline & Bray, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 145, 1894. 
Amaranthus Dussii Sprenger, Bull. Soc. Tose. Ort. III. 1: 178. 1896. 
Galliaria patula Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 1: 187. 1897. 
Amaranthus hybridus cruentus Thellung, Fl. Adv. Montp. 205. 1912. 
Stems stout, erect, 5-20 dm. high, simple or much branched, green or red, somewhat sul- 
cate, usually pubescent, villous about the inflorescence; petioles slender, 2-20 cm. long, often 
pubescent; leaf-blades 3.5-30 cm. long, 1.5-10 cm. wide, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate or rhombic- 
ovate, attenuate or acute at the apex, the tip usually obtuse, acute to attenuate at the base, 
pale- or bright-green, often purple, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; flowers monoecious, in dense 
panicles, these composed of numerous slender spreading lateral spikes 4-18 cm. long and 
usually 6~8 mm., rarely 15 mm., thick, the terminal spike twice as long as the lateral ones or 
less, usually stouter, erect or nearly so, slender sessile or pedunculate spikes often present also 
in the axils of the upper leaves; bracts lanceolate to ovate, equaling or half longer than the 
sepals, thin, 1-nerved, tapering to a short pungent tip, red or purple, sometimes green; sepals 
of the staminate flowers oblong-ovate, acute, l-nerved, the nerve excurrent; sepals of the 
pistillate flowers oblong or narrowly oblong, 1.5 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at the apex, 
sometimes erose, or the outer ones acute and with an excurrent midnerve, all thin, scarious, 
red or purple, or sometimes green or stramineous, the inner ones faintly I-nerved, not carinate; 
stamens 5; style-branches 3, stout, erect; utricle subglobose, conspicuously exceeding the sepals, 
rugulose above, circumscissile at the middle; seed rotund, 1 mm. in diameter, black or dark 
reddish-brown, lustrous, rarely white and dull. 
TYPE LocaLity: China. 
. DistrrsutTion: Adventive or escaped from cultivation in the eastern and southern United 
States and as far west as New Mexico and Arizona; central Mexico to Panama; occasional in the 
West Indies; also in tropical and subtropical South America and Asia; adventive in Europe; fre- 
quent in cultivation. 
: ILLUSTRATIONS: Martyn, Hist. Pl. Rar. oi. 6; Wild. Hist. Amaranth. 91, 2, f. 4, f. 3; Dict. Sci. 
Nat. pl. 21; Mill. Fig. Pl. pl. 22; Bot. Mag. pl. "2227; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 1048. 
23. Amaranthus hybridus L. Sp. Pl. 990. 1753. 
Amaranthus hypocondriacus L,. Sp. Pl. 991. 1753. 
Amaranthus hecticus Willd. Hist. Amaranth. 25, 1790. 
Amaranthus strictus Willd. Hist. Amaranth. 27. 1790. 
Amaranthus laetus Willd. Hist. Amaranth. 28. 1790. 
Amaranthus chlorostachys Willd. Hist. Amaranth. 34. 1790. 
Amaranthus retroflexus hybridus A. Gray, Man. ed. 5.412. 1867. 
Amaranthus retroflexus chlorostachys A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 412. Pee 
Amaranthus chlorostachys hybridus S. Wats. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 428. 1890. 
Amaranthus hybridus hypocondriacus B. Y,. Robinson, Rhodora 10: 32, 1908. 
Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys G. Beck, in Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 24: 175. 1908. 
Galliavia hybrida Nieuwl. Am. Midi. Nat. 3: 278. 1914 
Stems stout, erect or ascending, 3-25 dm. high, usually much branched, the branches 
ascending, sometimes simple, pale-green, frequently tinged with red, rough-puberulent below 
or glabrous, usually sparsely villous above, striate or sulcate; leaves usually numerous, the 
