112 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VorumE 21 
slender petioles 1.5-9 cm. long, pubescent, the blades 3-15 cm. long, 1-7 cm. wide, lanceolate 
to ovate or rhombic-ovate, acute or rarely rounded at the apex, bright-green or yellowish, 
sometimes paler beneath, often tinged with red, pubescent beneath or glabrous, prominently 
veined; flowers monoecious, in dense, crowded or distant, many-flowered spikes, these panicu- 
late, few or numerous, the lateral ones erect or spreading, 2-6 cm. long, 6-12 mm. thick, the 
terminal spike twice as long or less, usually stouter, erect; bracts twice as long as the sepals or 
less, lanceolate to ovate, tapering to slender or stout spinose tips; sepals of the staminate 
flowers usually 5, narrowly oblong to ovate, acute, scarious, l-nerved, the nerve usually ex- 
current; sepals of the pistillate flowers commonly 5, oblong or linear-oblong, 1.5~2 mm. long, . 
acute, or the inner rarely obtuse, l-nerved, the nerve usually excurrent as a pungent tip, 
green or tinged with red or purple, equaling 01 shorter than the fruit} stamens 5; style-branches 
3; utricle subglobose, equaling or.shorter than the sepal§>.very rarely exceeding them, thin- 
walled, often rugulose, circumscissile at the middie; seed rotund, 1 mm. in diameter, dark 
reddish-brown or black, shining. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia. 
DIstRIBUTION: Waste and cultivated ground, southeastern Canada, southward nearly through- 
out the United States, but more abundant eastward;.Mexico to Costa Rica; Bermuda; Bahamas; 
also in the warmer parts of South America; adventive in many parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Willd. Hist. Amaranth. 91. 3, f. 5; pl. 7, f. 13; pl. 8,f. 15; pl. 9, f. 17; pl. 
10, f. 19; pl. 11, f. 22; Mart. Fl. Bras. 51: pl. 73; Gaertn. Fruct. ol. 128; Lam. Tab. Encyc. pl. 767; 
T. Nees, Gen. Fl. Germ. 4: #1. 71; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1399; ed. 2. f. 1660; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 
312: 7.48, A; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 24: pl. 296, f. 1-2; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 1047; Bull. 
Mich. Exp. Sta. 267: f. 60. 
24. Amaranthus Powellii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 347. 1875. 
Amaranthus obovaius S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 275. 1877. 
Amaranthus chlorostachys pseudoretrofilexus Thellung, Viert. Nat. Ges. Zitrich 52: 443. 1907. 
Stems stout, 3-20 dm. high, erect, simple, or usually much branched, green or whitish, 
glabrous below. usually villous above; petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long; leaf-blades ovate, rhombic- 
ovate, rhombic-oval, or rarely lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long, 0.5-4 cm. wide, actite to obtuse at 
the apex, sometimes emarginate, cuneate to acute at the base, yellowish-green or deep-green, 
glabrous or sparsely pubescent; flowers monoecious, in dense, stout, erect, obtuse, simple 
or paniculate spikes 4-25 cm. long and 1-2 cm. thick, dense clusters of flowers usually 
present also in the axils of the upper leaves; bracts 2—3 times as long as the sepals, lanceolate 
or ovate, attenuate to a rigid spinose tip, green and indurate along the midnuerve, sometimes 
puberulent; sepals of the staminate flowers lance-oblong, scarious, l-nerved, acute, the mid- 
nerve excurrent; sepals of the pistillate flowers 3 mm. long, oblong or lance-oblong, acute or 
acutish, thin, somewhat thickened at the base, l-nerved, the nerve usually excurrent as a 
spinulose tip, usually longer than the fruit; stamens mostly 3; style-branches 3, elongate, 
erect; utricle subglobose, compressed, equaling or shorter than the sepals, rugulose above, 
dehiscent at the middie; seed obovate or oval, about 1.2 mm. Jong, black and shining. 
Tyre Locaniry: Arizona. . ; 
DIistRrBurTIon: Waste or cultivated ground, Oregon to Wyoming and northern Mexico; adven- 
tive in New England, and in Europe. 
25. Amaranthus bracteosus Uline & Bray, Bot. Gaz. 19: 314. 
1894. 
Amaranthus viscidulus Greene, Pittonia 3: 344. 1898. 
Stems slender or stout, erect or ascending, 1-3 dm. high, much branched from the base 
or above, whitish, densely viscid-villous, sometimes glabrate in age; petioles slender, 5-25 mm. 
long; leaf-blades usually shorter than the petioles except in the uppermost leaves, obovate to 
oblong, oval, rhombic-ovate, or spatulate, 1-4 cm. long, rounded at the apex, sometimes 
shallowly emarginate, cuneate at the base, thick, yellowish- or pale-green, viscid-puberulent 
or villous on the lower surface, sometimes glabrate in age, nearly glabrous on the upper surface, 
prominently veined; flowers monoecious, in a stout erect terminal spike 2-10 cm, long and 1-2 
em. thick, and in numerous dense axillary clusters shorter than the petioles; bracts lanceolate, 
