118 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21 
scarious, acute or acutish, the midnerve excurrent; stamens 5; sepals of the pistillate flowers 
usually 4, 3 of them similar to those of the staminate flowers, but only half as long, the 
fourth usually larger and similar to the bracts; style-branches 3, slender; utricle thin-walled, 
indehiscent; seed 1 mm. in diameter. 
Tyre LocaLity: Described from cultivated plants. 
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico; adventive in Germany, Austria, and southern Italy. 
38. Amaranthus deflexus L. Mant. 2: 295. 1771. 
Glomeraria deflexa Cav. Descr. 319. 1803. 
Amaranthus prostratus Balbis, Mém. Acad. Turin 7: 360. 1804. 
Euxolus deflexus Raf. Fl. Tell, 3: 42. 1837. 
Albersia prostrata Kunth, Fl. Berol. 2: 144, 1838. 
Stems slender, much branched, ascending or decumbent, glabrous, or villous above, 
green or purplish, 1.5-6 dm. long; petioles slender or stout, 6-25 mm. long; leaf-blades broadly 
ovate to rhombic-ovate or lanceolate, narrowed toward the apex, the tip obtuse, sometimes 
shallowly emarginate, rounded to cuneate at the base, deep-green, often purplish, glabrous, or 
sparsely villous beneath, prominently veined; flowers monoecious, chiefly in stout, dense, leafy 
or naked, terminal spikes 2-8 cm. long and 5-10 mm. thick, usually also in dense many- 
flowered axillary clusters; bracts ovate, acute, cuspidate, 2 mm. long, I-nerved, green along 
the nerves; stamens 3; style-branches 3; utricle oblong in outline, indehiscent, the walls fleshy, 
3-5-nerved, smooth; seed oval, 1 mm. long, dark reddish-brown, shining. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Not stated. 
DistRIBUTION: Adventive along the eastern coast of the United States from Massachusetts 
to Alabama, and in southern California; southern Mexico; also in South America, Europe, and. 
Africa, 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Willd. Hist. Amaranth. pl. 10, f. 20; Mém. Acad. Turin 7: pl. 10; Britt. & 
renee rae f. 1406; ed. 2, f. 1667; Fiori & Paol. Te. FI. Ital. f. 1054; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 24: 
pl. 301, f. 1- 
39. Amaranthus lividus L. Sp. Pl. 990. 1753. 
Bliitum lividum Moench, Meth. 359. 1794. 
Albersia livida Kunth, Fl. Berol. ed. 2.2: 144. 1838. 
Eusxolus lividus Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13%: 273. 1849. 
Amaranthus Blitum A. Gray, Man. ed. 6.428. 1890. Not A. Bhtum L. 1753. 
Stems stout, erect, branched, succulent, 3-10 dm. high, glabrous, green or ustally red; 
petioles slender, 1.5-7 cm. long, often reddish; leaf-blades broadly ovate to rhombic-ovate, 
2-8 cm. long, rounded at the apex and emarginate, broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, 
deep-green, glabrous; flowers monoecious, in slender, termindi or axillary, erect or drooping 
spikes 2-7 cm. long and 5-8 mm. thick, and in small or large, dense, axillary clusters; 
bracts scarious, ovate to oblong, obtuse or acute, one third to one half as long as the calyx; 
sepals 3, linear-oblong or oblong, obtuse or actutish, 1-nerved; stamens 3; style-branches 2 or 3; 
utricle ovoid-globose, exceeding the calyx, smooth, thin-walled, indehiscent; seed rotund, 
1 mm. in diameter, dark reddish-brown or black, shining. 
Type LocaLity: Given as Virginia, but this doubtless incorrect; native habitat not definitely 
known. 
DISTRIBUTION: Adventive about seaports, Massachusetts to New York; oe Mexico; 
also in tropical South America, eastern Asia, and northern Africa; adventive in ‘Bur 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Willd. Hist. ‘Amaranth. pl. 1, f. 1; Britt. & Brown, Ill. FI. i 7405; ed. 2. f. 
1666; Rob. & Fern. Man. f. 722. 
40. Amaranthus viridis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1405. 1763. 
Pyxidium viride Moench, Meth, 359. 1794. 
Glomeraria viridis Cav. Deser. Pl. 319. 1802. 
Amaranthus ascendens Loisel. Not. Pl. France 141. 1810. 
Euxolus viridis Moq. in DC. Prodr, 132: 273. 1849. 
Euxolus viridis ascendens Moq. in DC. Prodr. 132: 274. 1849. 
Amaranthus emarginatus Salzm.; (Mog. in DC. Prodr. 13?: 274, as synonym. 1849) Uline & Bray, 
Bot. Gaz. 19: 319. 1894. 
Stems slender, succulent, much branched from the base, the branches glabrous, ascending 
or prostrate, 1-6 dm. long; leaves usually few and rather distant, the petioles slender, 4-20 mm. 
