362 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA {VoLUME 22 
16. Fragaria virginiana Duchesne, Hist. Nat. Frais. 204. 1766. n=2€ 
Fragaria vesca Walt. Fl. Car. 150. 1788. Notw#* vesca L. 1753. 
Fragaria canadensis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 299, in part. 1803. 
Fragaria elatior Raf. Atl. Jour. 152. 1832. Not F. elatior Bhrh. 1793. 
Rootstock thick and short; leaves moderately thick, or in shaded places rather thin, 
sometimes dark-green, not glaucous, slightly silky when young, glabrate in age; petioles 
2-30 cm. long, with spreading hairs, rather stout; leaflets 3-10 cm. long, obovate or oblong, 
always petiolulate, coarsely toothed, obtuse at the apex; runners long and rather stout; scape. 
stout, more or less villous with spreading hairs, generally 1.5-2 dm. high, often with a 
foliaceous bract and rather many-flowered; pedicels appressed-hairy; flowers 1-2 cm. in 
diameter; bractlets and sepals lanceolate, acute or acuminate; petals obovate, usually 
exceeding the sepals by a half; fruit 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, subglobose; achenes set in 
deep pits. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia. 
DISTRIBUTION: From Prince Edward Island to Minnesota, Indian Territory, and Georgia ; 
often cultivated and sometimes escaped outside its proper range; origin of the ‘‘ Scarlet Straw- 
berries.”’ 
a EU eatONe: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 7. 2908; Hayne, Arzn, Gew. 4: #/. 28; Decaisne, Jard. 
ruit. 2. 
17. Fragaria Grayana Vilmorin; Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 
8: 202. 1857. 
Fragaria virginiana illinoensis A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 155. 1867. 
Fragaria virginiana Grayana Rydb. Mem. Dep. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 180. 1898. 
Rootstock short and strong; leaves rather firm, sparingly silky-strigose and green on 
both sides; petioles 5-20 cm. long, rather densely hirsute with spreading or reflexed hairs; 
leaflets evidently stalked, obovate, 3-10 cm. long, coarsely serrate with ovate teeth, acute 
or obtuse; scape many-flowered, usually 1-1.5 dm. high, densely hirsute with spreading 
or reflexed hairs; pedicels also with spreading hairs; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 5-6 mm. 
long, about equaling the lanceolate sepals; petals nearly orbicular, 5-7 mm. long; fruit 
subglobose, about 1.5 cm. in diameter; achenes set in pits. 
TYPE LOCALITY : Described from cultivated specimens said to be from western New York. 
DISTRIBUTION : From Indiana to Missouri, Louisiana, and Alabama. 
18. Fragaria grandiflora Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 25. 1792. 
Fragaria Ananassa Duchesne, Hist, Nat. Frais. 190, in part. 1766. 
Fragaria vesca Ananas Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 212. 1789. 
Perennial, with short rootstock and runners; leaves rather firm, very dark-green, 
glabrate and somewhat shining above, paler beneath and silky on the veins; petioles 1-3 
dm. long, with spreading hairs, stout ; leaflets 4-15 cm. long, broadly obovate, petiolulate, 
coarsely toothed, usually rounded at the apex; runners stout; scape 1-2 dm, high, usually 
shorter than the leaves, with long spreading hairs; pedicels 2-5 cm. long, usually with 
ascending pubescence ; flowers over 2 cm. in diameter; bractlets lanceolate, about equaling 
the ovate acuminate sepals, both often increased in number; petals rounded-obovate, over 
1 cm. long; fruit 2-3 cm, in diameter, often acutish at the apex, sometimes laterally flat- 
tened or irregular in outline; achenes in shallow pits. 
TypE LOCALITY: Surinam, 
DISTRIBUTION : Native of South America, extensively cultivated (‘‘ Pine Strawberries ’’) ; some- 
times escaped and established around dwellings and along roads in the eastern states, California, 
and British Columbia. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Mill. Fig. Pl. £2. 288 ; Hayne, Arzn. Gew. 4: p1/. 29, 
19. Fragaria | canadensis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 299, 1803. 
Fragaria virginiana Eaton, Man. ed. 6. 148, in part. 1833. Not / virginiana Duchesne. 1766. 
? Fragaria serotina Raf. Atl. Jour, 152. 1832. 
Rootstock short, but not very thick; leaves thin but rather firm, often turning reddish, 
glabrate above, silky and often glaucous beneath; pedicels 3-10 cm. long, slender, silky 
with spreading hairs, in age often glabrate; leaflets oblong-obovate or cuneate, sharplv 
