Order ERICALES 
By JoHn KuNKEL SMALL 
Herbs, undershrubs, shrubs, or trees, or colorless or variously colored, other 
than green, herbaceous root-parasites or humus-plants. Leaves alternate, 
deciduous or persistent and evergreen, represented by fleshy scales or with 
expanded blades, sometimes approximate or crowded, or rarely opposite 
or whorled, sometimes all basal; without stipules; blades simple, entire or 
toothed, pinnately veined. Flowers perfect, regular or nearly so, complete 
or rarely incomplete, symmetric or asymmetric, variously disposed, the 
inflorescence simple or compound, sometimes congested, or aggregated on the 
top of the disk-like expansion of the upper part of the stem. Calyx of 4-10 
(or rarely fewer) distinct or partly united, imbricate or rarely valvate sepals, 
deciduous, or persistent, and unchanged at maturity, or accrescent. Corolla 
of 5-10 (or rarely fewer) distinct or partly united, imbricate or convolute 
petals, various in shape, or sometimes wanting. Androecium of as many or 
twice as many stamens as petals or corolla-lobes, or sepals. or calyx-lobes, 
sometimes partly reduced to staminodia; filaments borne beneath the ovary 
or partly adnate to the corolla, or perigynous; anthers 2-celled, introrse, or 
rarely extrorse but introrsely inverted in anthesis (Clethracege and Pyro- 
laceae), the sacs opening by terminal pores or chinks, or by longitudinal 
valves, often appendaged. Gynoecium of several, usually 2-7, united carpels; 
ovary 2-7-celled, the cavities sometimes with false partitions, or rarely 1-celled, 
superior or wholly or partly inferior; styles united except rarely near the tips, 
short or elongate, sometimes declined ; stigmas minute or somewhat conspicuous, 
capitate, discoid, funnelform, or peltate, entire or lobed, often indusiate. 
Ovules anatropous, numerous, usually very numerous, rarely few or solitary. 
Fruit capsular, drupaceous, or baccate, exposed in the unchanged calyx or 
enclosed in the persistent corolla or more or less accrescent calyx. Embryo 
small or minute, in fleshy endosperm. 
Stamens with free and distinct filaments. : 
Ovary superior; fruit exposed or enclosed in the calyx. 
Gynoecium 3-carpellary; pollen-grains simple. Fam. 1. CLETHRACEAE. 
Gynoecium 4-7-carpellary, but the ovary rarely l-celled; pollen- 
grains simple or compound. . : 
Herbaceous root-parasites or saprophytes, with scale-like 
leaves; plants devoid of chlorophyl; pollen-grains simple. Fam. 2. MONOTROPACEAE. 
Herbs, undershrubs, shrubs, or trees; plants with chlorophyl, 
pollen-grains compound. - 
Herbaceous or partly woody plants with rootstocks. Fam, 
4. PYROLACEAE. 
Shrubs or trees with erect or diffuse stems. Fam. 5. ERICACEAE. 
Ovary wholly or partly inferior. Fam. 6. VACCINIACEAE. 
Stamens with the filaments wholly or partly adnate to the corolla. 
Herbaceous root-parasites or saprophytes, with scale-like leaves; 
plants without chlorophyl. . Fam. 3, LENNOACEAE. 
Herbs or partly woody plants, with green leaves. 
Androecium without staminodia; caulescent plants. Fam. 7. DIAPENSIACEAE. 
Androecium with staminodia; acaulescent plants. Fam. 8, GALACACEAE. 
VoiumeE 29, Part 1, 1914] 1 
